ArticlePloS one2017
The complex relationship between oligoclonal bands, lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, and immunoglobulin G antibodies in multiple sclerosis: Indication of serum contribution.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Elusive B Cell Antigen in Multiple Sclerosis: Time to Rethink CNS B Cell Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The Antibody Dependant Neurite Outgrowth Modulation Response Involvement in Spinal Cord Injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Multiplex Detection of Immunoglobulins Uncovers Intrathecal IgA Elevation in Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2026Article
- A potential of serum anti-C1P IgG antibodies as biomarkers in differential diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- CNS-compartmentalized IgG aggregates and glycosylation in multiple sclerosis contribute to oligoclonal bands and neuronal cytotoxicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Presence and relevance of serum anti-C1P IgG antibodies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Research square · 2025Article
- Neural Immunoglobulins Shape Brain Circuits.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- IgG Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Deciphering Their Puzzling Protein A Connection.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Oligoclonal Bands as Predictors of Disease Severity and Prognosis in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- The Fibrotic Response in Pericyte Culture Upon Exposure to Multiple Sclerosis Sera.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin G and Complement as Major Players in the Neurodegeneration of Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The elusive nature of the oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Plasma IgG aggregates as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Multiple sclerosis plasma IgG aggregates induce complement-dependent neuronal apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Multiple functions and regulatory network of miR-150 in B lymphocyte-related diseases.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Earlier Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Based on a Novel BiomarkerBiosensors · 2022Article
- Aberrant Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation in Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Article
- Divergent complement system activation in two clinically distinct murine models of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Antibodies from Multiple Sclerosis Brain Identified Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 & 2 Epitopes which Are Recognized by Oligoclonal Bands.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Cognitive Decline in Multiple Sclerosis Is Related to the Progression of Retinal Atrophy and Presence of Oligoclonal Bands: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIntrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are the most consistent and characteristic features of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). OCBs in MS are considered products of clonally expanded B cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), representing the sum of contributions from B cells in the brain. However, large amounts of IgG can be eluted from MS plaques in which lymphocytes are absent, and there is no correlation between levels of plaque-associated IgG and the presence of lymphocytes. It is calculated that it would take 3.2 billion lymphocytes to generate such large amounts of intrathecal IgG (30 mg in 500 ml CSF) in MS patients. Therefore, circulating lymphocytes in CSF could only account for <0.1% of the extra IgG in MS.
methodsWe analyzed clinical laboratory parameters from sera and CSF of 115 patients including 91 patients with MS and 24 patients with other inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders (IC). We investigated the relationship between oligoclonal bands, IgG antibodies, CSF cells, IgG Index, albumin, and total protein.
resultsMS patients have significantly elevated serum concentrations of IgG antibodies, albumin, and total protein, lower levels of lymphocytes, albumin, and total protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, but no difference in CSF IgG concentration compared to those with other inflammatory neurological disorders. Furthermore, in MS there was no linear relationship between the numbers of OCBs, CSF lymphocytes, CSF IgG, and IgG Index, and between serum IgG and serum albumin, but significant correlation between IgG in CSF and serum, and between CSF IgG and CSF albumin.
conclusionThere are unique differences between MS and patients with other inflammatory neurological disorders. Our data suggest that in MS patient (a) B cells and their products in the CSF may not be the sole source of intrathecal IgG; (b) oligoclonal bands may not be the products of single B cell clones in the CSF; and (c) there is a strong connection between serum components in the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.