ArticlePloS one2017
Optimal stride frequencies in running at different speeds.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relationship Between Running Biomechanics and Running Economy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- The Heel-Strike Fallacy and Cadence Beliefs in Distance Running: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Mind to Move: A Narrative Review of Individualized Running Biomechanics Beyond the Spring-Mass Model.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Design and Characterization of the AdjuSST: An Adjustable Surface Stiffness Treadmill.IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics : a joint publication of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society and the ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Division · 2025Article
- Running Parameter Analysis in 400 m Sprint Using Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Running Cadence and the Influence on Frontal Plane Knee Deviations.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- A simulation framework to determine optimal strength training and musculoskeletal geometry for sprinting and distance running.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of step frequency during running on the magnitude and symmetry of ground reaction forces in individuals with a transfemoral amputation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Cultural variation in running techniques among non-industrial societies.Evolutionary human sciences · 2022Article
- Acute Effects of Heel-to-Toe Drop and Speed on Running Biomechanics and Strike Pattern in Male Recreational Runners: Application of Statistical Nonparametric Mapping in Lower Limb Biomechanics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality.PloS one · 2021Article
- Cadence Modulation in Walking and Running: Pacing Steps or Strides?Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Effect of step frequency on leg stiffness during running in unilateral transfemoral amputees.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Predicting Temporal Gait Kinematics: Anthropometric Characteristics and Global Running Pattern Matter.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Humans Optimize Ground Contact Time and Leg Stiffness to Minimize the Metabolic Cost of Running.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2019Article
- A New Direction to Athletic Performance: Understanding the Acute and Longitudinal Responses to Backward Running.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During running at a constant speed, the optimal stride frequency (SF) can be derived from the u-shaped relationship between SF and heart rate (HR). Changing SF towards the optimum of this relationship is beneficial for energy expenditure and may positively change biomechanics of running. In the current study, the effects of speed on the optimal SF and the nature of the u-shaped relation were empirically tested using Generalized Estimating Equations. To this end, HR was recorded from twelve healthy (4 males, 8 females) inexperienced runners, who completed runs at three speeds. The three speeds were 90%, 100% and 110% of self-selected speed. A self-selected SF (SFself) was determined for each of the speeds prior to the speed series. The speed series started with a free-chosen SF condition, followed by five imposed SF conditions (SFself, 70, 80, 90, 100 strides·min-1) assigned in random order. The conditions lasted 3 minutes with 2.5 minutes of walking in between. SFself increased significantly (p<0.05) with speed with averages of 77, 79, 80 strides·min-1 at 2.4, 2.6, 2.9 m·s-1, respectively). As expected, the relation between SF and HR could be described by a parabolic curve for all speeds. Speed did not significantly affect the curvature, nor did it affect optimal SF. We conclude that over the speed range tested, inexperienced runners may not need to adapt their SF to running speed. However, since SFself were lower than the SFopt of 83 strides·min-1, the runners could reduce HR by increasing their SFself.
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