ArticleNano letters2017
Enhanced Triggering of Local Anesthetic Particles by Photosensitization and Photothermal Effect Using a Common Wavelength.
Article in Nano letters, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cooling-triggered sciatic nerve block using thermoresponsive hydrogel implants.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Design and Application of Intelligent Local Anesthetic Nanoformulations.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Treating venous malformations with nanomedicines.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Externally triggered drug delivery systems.Smart materials in medicine · 2024Article
- Repetitive drug delivery using Light-Activated liposomes for potential antimicrobial therapies.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Effect of Cholesterol on Nano-Structural Alteration of Light-Activatable Liposomes via Laser Irradiation: Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study.Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects · 2022Article
- A Novel Photoswitchable Azobenzene-Containing Local Anesthetic Ethercaine with Light-Controlled Biological Activity In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Repetitive drug releases from light-activatable micron-sized liposomes.Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects · 2021Article
- Article
- Light-triggered release of conventional local anesthetics from a macromolecular prodrug for on-demand local anesthesia.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Supramolecular Photothermal Nanomedicine Mediated Distant Tumor Inhibition via PD-1 and TIM-3 Blockage.Frontiers in chemistry · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
On-demand pain relief systems would be very helpful additions to the armamentarium of pain management. Near-infrared triggered drug delivery systems have demonstrated the potential to provide such care. However, challenges remain in making such systems as stimulus-sensitive as possible, to enhance depth of tissue penetration, repeatability of triggering, and safety. Here we developed liposomes containing the local anesthetic tetrodotoxin and also containing a photosensitizer and gold nanorods that were excitable at the same near-infrared wavelength. The combination of triggering mechanisms enhanced the photosensitivity and repeatability of the system in vitro when compared with liposomes with a single photoresponsive component. In vivo, on-demand local anesthesia could be induced with a low irradiance and short irradiation duration, and liposomes containing both photosensitizer and gold nanorods were more effective than those containing just one photoresponsive component. Tissue reaction was benign.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.