ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2018
Industrial hog farming is associated with altered circulating immunological markers.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Animal farming and the oral microbiome in the Agricultural Health Study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Estimated exposure to endotoxin and circulating immunological markers among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- Agricultural exposures and DNA damage in PBMC of female farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- Proximity to Swine Farming Operations as a Risk Factor for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.JPGN reports · 2023Article
- An algorithm for quantitatively estimating occupational endotoxin exposure in the biomarkers of exposure and effect in agriculture study: II. Application to the study population.American journal of industrial medicine · 2023Article
- Characterization of inhalable endotoxin, glucan, and dust exposures in Iowa farmers.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2020Article
- Recent Research on Occupational Animal Exposures and Health Risks: A Narrative Review.Current environmental health reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe previously observed inverse association between hog farming and risk of lung cancer in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) has been attributed to endotoxin exposure, the levels of which are particularly high in industrial hog confinement facilities. We conducted an investigation to explore the potential biological mechanisms underlying this association, as well as other immunological changes associated with hog farming.
methodsSerum immune marker levels were measured using a multiplexed bead-based assay in 61 active hog farmers and 61 controls matched on age, phlebotomy date and raising cattle. Both groups comprised non-smoking male AHS participants from Iowa. We compared natural log-transformed marker levels between hog farmers and controls using multivariate linear regression models.
resultsCirculating levels of macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22), a chemokine previously implicated in lung carcinogenesis, were reduced among hog farmers (17% decrease; 95% CI -28% to -4%), in particular for those with the largest operations (>6000 hogs: 26% decrease; 95% CI -39% to -10%; p
conclusionsThese results provide insights into potential immunomodulatory mechanisms through which endotoxin or other exposures associated with hog farming may influence lung cancer risk, and warrant further investigation with more detailed bioaerosol exposure assessment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.