ArticleDifferentiation; research in biological diversity
Molecular mechanisms of development of the human fetal female reproductive tract.
Article in Differentiation; research in biological diversity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- New insights into Müllerian duct differentiation provided by single cell transcriptomics in the chicken embryo.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- HMMRCell discovery · 2026Article
- Segmental specification of the human female fetal reproductive tract revealed by spatiotemporal dynamics.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- A transient epithelial plasticity state defines the developmental window for uterine gland specification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Interstitial cystitis: a phenotype and rare variant exome sequencing study.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Estrogen inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression dependent on HOXA11-AS/HOXA11.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Decoding Müllerian Duct Epithelial Regionalization.Molecular reproduction and development · 2025Review
- Association analysis of PAEP, KRT10, and BMP7 genes SNPs with reproductive traits in Kele pigs.PloS one · 2025Article
- Testosterone acts through the membrane protein GPRC6A to cause cardiac edema in zebrafish embryos.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Neurovascular anatomy of the developing human fetal penis and clitoris.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Molecular stratification of the human fetal vaginal epithelium by spatial transcriptome analysis.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- Ovarian sex steroid and epithelial control of immune responses in the uterus and oviduct: human and animal models†.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- Anatomy of the female reproductive tract organs of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei).Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2024Article
- Dynamic states of cervical epithelia during pregnancy and epithelial barrier disruption.iScience · 2023Article
- Article
- Update of the keratin gene family: evolution, tissue-specific expression patterns, and relevance to clinical disorders.Human genomics · 2022Article
- Developmental exposure to phytoestrogens found in soy: New findings and clinical implications.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- The development of the human vaginal fornix and the portio cervicis.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Review
- Organoids of the female reproductive tract.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Single-Cell Sequencing Unveils the Heterogeneity of Nonimmune Cells in Chronic Apical Periodontitis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Human female reproductive tract development rests mostly upon hematoxilyn and eosin stained sections despite recent advances on molecular mechanisms in mouse studies. We report application of immunohistochemical methods to explore the ontogeny of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation markers (keratins, homobox proteins, steroid receptors), transcription factors and signaling molecules (TP63 and RUNX1) during human female reproductive tract development. Keratins 6, 7, 8, 10, 14 and 19 (KRT6, KRT7, KRT8, KRT10, KRT14, KRT19) were expressed in a temporally and spatially dynamic fashion. The undifferentiated Müllerian duct and uterovaginal canal, lined by simple columnar epithelia, expressed KRT7, KRT8 and KRT19. Glandular derivatives of the Müllerian duct (uterine tube, uterine corpus and endocervix) maintained expression of these keratins, while tissues that undergo stratified squamous differentiation (exocervix and vagina) expressed KRT6, KRT14 and KRT10 during development in an age-dependent fashion. TP63 and RUNX1 were expressed prior to KRT14, as these two transcription factors are known to be upstream from KRT14 in developing Müllerian epithelium. In the vagina, KRT10, a marker of terminal differentiation, appeared after endogenous estrogens transformed the epithelium to a thick glycogenated squamous epithelium. Uroplakin, a protein unique to urothelium, was expressed only in the bladder, urethra and vaginal introitus, but not in the female reproductive tract itself. Mesenchymal differentiation was examined through immunostaining for HOXA11 (expressed in uterine mesenchyme) and ISL1 (expressed in vaginal mesenchyme). A detailed ontogeny of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR) and the androgen receptor (AR) provides the mechanistic underpinning for the teratogenicity of estrogens, progestins and androgens on female reproductive tract development. Immunohistochemical analysis of differentiation markers and signaling molecules advance our understanding of normal development of the human female reproductive tract. These observations demonstrate remarkable similarities in mouse and human female reproductive tract development, but also highlight some key differences.
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