ArticleCornea2018
Bacterial Keratitis: Isolated Organisms and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in San Francisco.
Article in Cornea, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antibiotics Versus Placebo for Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Findings From a Cochrane Systematic Review.American journal of ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and global resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Trends in pathogens causing microbial keratitis in studies conducted in Mexico: a 38-year literature review.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Epidemiology, Microbiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Outcomes of Corneal Ulcers: A 10-Year Retrospective Study in Indonesia.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Article
- The In Vitro Antibacterial Effects of Genipin Against Pathogens Commonly Associated With Infected Ulcerative Keratitis: A Canine Preliminary Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Microbial Keratitis in Southern Arizona.Ophthalmic research · 2026Article
- From pathogen to prognosis: microbial keratitis spectrum and treatment outcomes in a 5-Year tertiary center experience.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Cefiderocol and Moxifloxacin Have Additive and Synergistic Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Including an Isolate of the 2023 Keratitis Outbreak.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Synthetic lincosamides iboxamycin and cresomycin are active against ocular multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying erm genes.Journal of global antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Article
- The Role ofPharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Article
- A comparison of antimicrobial regimen outcomes and antibiogram development in microbial keratitis: a prospective cohort study in Alexandria, Egypt.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Prognostic indicators of corneal ulcer clinical outcomes at a tertiary care center in the Bronx, New York.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Article
- Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Characterization of the resistome and predominant genetic lineages of Gram-positive bacteria causing keratitis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Infectious Keratitis in Patients Over 65: A Review on Treatment and Preserving Eyesight.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Review
- Improving Antimicrobial Utilization and Infection Control in Ophthalmology: An Information-Assisted Transparent Supervision and Multidisciplinary Team Model.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeUnderstanding the spectrum of pathogens in a given geographic region is important when deciding on empiric antibiotic therapy. In this study, we evaluate the spectrum of bacterial organisms cultured from corneal samples and their antibiotic sensitivities to guide initial treatment of keratitis.
methodsWe performed a retrospective case review of cultures from suspected infectious keratitis cases at the Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, from 1996 through 2015. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of culturing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from ulcers over time and the association between the year cultured and moxifloxacin resistance.
resultsA total of 522 of 2203 (23.7%) cultures grew bacterial organisms believed to be the etiology of infection, with available antibiotic sensitivity data. Of these, 338 (65.3%) grew gram-positive organisms with the most common being methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (20.1%, N = 105). One hundred eighty (34.7%) grew gram-negative species with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most prevalent organism (10.9%, N = 57). There was 1.13 increased odds of culturing MRSA for each 1-year increase in the culture date (P = 0.01) and 1.26 increased odds of culturing an organism resistant to moxifloxacin with each 1-year increase in the culture date after controlling for the infectious organism (P < 0.001).
conclusionsGram-positive organisms are the most commonly identified etiology of microbial keratitis in this series. Approximately 35% of cultured organisms had variable susceptibility to moxifloxacin, and resistance seems to be increasing over time. The risk of culturing MRSA increased over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.