Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29053402›Full record

ArticleRadiology2018

What Are We Missing? False-Negative Cancers at Multiparametric MR Imaging of the Prostate.

Samuel Borofsky, Arvin K George, Sonia Gaur, Marcelino Bernardo, Matthew D Greer, Francesca V Mertan, Myles Taffel, Vanesa Moreno, Maria J Merino, Bradford J Wood and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Radiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
114citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
21.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

114 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
    Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A Pilot Study ofThe Prostate · 2026
    Article
  9. Micro-ultrasound for prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Samuel BorofskyFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Arvin K GeorgeFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Sonia GaurFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Marcelino BernardoFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Matthew D GreerFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Francesca V MertanFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Myles TaffelFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Vanesa MorenoFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Maria J MerinoFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Bradford J WoodFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Peter A PintoFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Peter L ChoykeFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
Baris TurkbeyFrom the Molecular Imaging Program (S.B., S.G., M.B., M.D.G., F.V.M., P.L.C., B.T.), Urologic Oncology Branch (A.K.G.), and Laboratory of Pathology (V.M., M.J.M.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC (S.B., M.T., P.A.P.); and Center for Interventional Oncology, National Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (B.J.W.).
National Institute of Child Health · HU

Funding

Prostate Cancer ImagingZIABC010655 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI CHOYKE, PETER L · 2009 to 2025
$49.2M
Center for Interventional OncologyZIDBC011242 · NCI · DIVISION OF BASIC SCIENCES - NCI · PI WOOD, BRADFORD J · 2009 to 2025
$18.7M
Interventional OncologyZIACL040015 · CLC · CLINICAL CENTER · PI WOOD, BRADFORD · 2009 to 2025
$0k
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose To characterize clinically important prostate cancers missed at multiparametric (MP) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods The local institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective single-center study, which included 100 consecutive patients who had undergone MP MR imaging and subsequent radical prostatectomy. A genitourinary pathologist blinded to MP MR findings outlined prostate cancers on whole-mount pathology slices. Two readers correlated mapped lesions with reports of prospectively read MP MR images. Readers were blinded to histopathology results during prospective reading. At histopathologic examination, 80 clinically unimportant lesions (<5 mm; Gleason score, 3+3) were excluded. The same two readers, who were not blinded to histopathologic findings, retrospectively reviewed cancers missed at MP MR imaging and assigned a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 score to better understand false-negative lesion characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to define patient characteristics, including age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, PSA density, race, digital rectal examination results, and biopsy results before MR imaging. Student t test was used to determine any demographic differences between patients with false-negative MP MR imaging findings and those with correct prospective identification of all lesions. Results Of the 162 lesions, 136 (84%) were correctly identified with MP MR imaging. Size of eight lesions was underestimated. Among the 26 (16%) lesions missed at MP MR imaging, Gleason score was 3+4 in 17 (65%), 4+3 in one (4%), 4+4 in seven (27%), and 4+5 in one (4%). Retrospective PI-RADS version 2 scores were assigned (PI-RADS 1, n = 8; PI-RADS 2, n = 7; PI-RADS 3, n = 6; and PI-RADS 4, n = 5). On a per-patient basis, MP MR imaging depicted clinically important prostate cancer in 99 of 100 patients. At least one clinically important tumor was missed in 26 (26%) patients, and lesion size was underestimated in eight (8%). Conclusion Clinically important lesions can be missed or their size can be underestimated at MP MR imaging. Of missed lesions, 58% were not seen or were characterized as benign findings at second-look analysis. Recognition of the limitations of MP MR imaging is important, and new approaches to reduce this false-negative rate are needed.

Indexed as

AgedFalse Negative ReactionsHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedProstateProstatic NeoplasmsRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID29053402
PMCPMC5749595
OpenAlexW2766240872

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.