Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29051493›Full record

ArticleNature communications2017

Variation in a range of mTOR-related genes associates with intracranial volume and intellectual disability.

M R F Reijnders, M Kousi, G M van Woerden, M Klein, J Bralten, G M S Mancini, T van Essen, M Proietti-Onori, E E J Smeets, M van Gastel and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Drug resistant epilepsy driven byEpilepsy & behavior reports · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Ablation of dysmorphic neurons is a safe and effective treatment for focal cortical dysplasia II.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Focal postnatal deletion ofFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

M R F ReijndersDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-7147
M KousiCenter for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
G M van WoerdenDepartment of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
M KleinDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-5679
J BraltenDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.
G M S ManciniDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
T van EssenDepartment of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
M Proietti-OnoriDepartment of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
E E J SmeetsDepartment of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
M van GastelDepartment of Medical Care, SWZ zorg, 5691 AG, Son, The Netherlands.
A P A StegmannDepartment of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
S J C StevensDepartment of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology & Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
S H LelieveldDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
C GilissenDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-9699
R PfundtDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.
P L TanCenter for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
T KleefstraDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.
B FrankeDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-6572
Y ElgersmaDepartment of Neuroscience and ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
N KatsanisCenter for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
H G BrunnerDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6500 GA, The Netherlands. han.brunner@radboudumc.nl.

Funding

Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1M
Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

De novo mutations in specific mTOR pathway genes cause brain overgrowth in the context of intellectual disability (ID). By analyzing 101 mMTOR-related genes in a large ID patient cohort and two independent population cohorts, we show that these genes modulate brain growth in health and disease. We report the mTOR activator gene RHEB as an ID gene that is associated with megalencephaly when mutated. Functional testing of mutant RHEB in vertebrate animal models indicates pathway hyperactivation with a concomitant increase in cell and head size, aberrant neuronal migration, and induction of seizures, concordant with the human phenotype. This study reveals that tight control of brain volume is exerted through a large community of mTOR-related genes. Human brain volume can be altered, by either rare disruptive events causing hyperactivation of the pathway, or through the collective effects of common alleles.

Indexed as

MutationAnimalsBrainCell MovementCells, CulturedCell SizeHumansIntellectual DisabilityMegalencephalyNeuronsOrgan SizeRas Homolog Enriched in Brain ProteinSeizuresSignal TransductionSirolimusTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesMTOR protein, humanRas Homolog Enriched in Brain ProteinRHEB protein, humanSirolimusTOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Identifiers

PMID29051493
PMCPMC5648772

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.