ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2017
25-Year Physical Activity Trajectories and Development of Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease as Measured by Coronary Artery Calcium: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct trajectories of physical activity and related factors during the life course in the general population: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2019Pooled it
- Epigenetic Age Acceleration Reflects Long-Term Cardiovascular Health.Circulation research · 2021Trial
- Review
- Temporal trends and developmental trajectories of physical fitness among university students: a 13-year accelerated longitudinal study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cumulative exposure to atherogenic lipoprotein particles in young adults and subsequent incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Trajectories of physical activity patterns across the life course in Mexican adults: findings from the Mexico city prospective study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Trajectories of Physical Activity Before and After Cardiovascular Disease Events in CARDIA Participants.JAMA cardiology · 2025Article
- Paradox of Exercise and Coronary Artery Calcification: Potential Underlying Mechanisms.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Long-term dual-trajectories of TyG and LAP and their association with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in midlife: the CARDIA study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Association of weekend warriors and other physical activity patterns with hypertension in NHANES 2007-2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coronary atherosclerosis in athletes: emerging concepts and preventive strategies.European heart journal · 2025Review
- Mid-life physical activity and calcification of coronary arteries, aorta, and cardiac valves in late life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Atherosclerosis · 2025Article
- The relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and coronary artery calcification to cardiovascular disease events in CARDIA participants.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Television Viewing from Young Adulthood to Middle Age and Premature Cardiovascular Disease Events: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- The Paradox of Physical Activity and Coronary Artery Calcification: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Prediction of Cumulative Exposure to Atherogenic Lipids During Early Adulthood.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Article
- The Spectrum of Coronary Artery Disease in Elite Endurance Athletes-A Long-Standing Debate: State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Atherosclerosis Prevalence among Different Physical Activity Patterns in Adult Men.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Association of Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood With Long-Term Blood Pressure Trajectories.American journal of hypertension · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate 25-year physical activity (PA) trajectories from young to middle age and assess associations with the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC). PATIENTS AND
methodsThis study includes 3175 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who self-reported PA by questionnaire at 8 follow-up examinations over 25 years (from March 1985-June 1986 through June 2010-May 2011). The presence of CAC (CAC>0) at year 25 was measured using computed tomography. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify PA trajectories with increasing age.
resultsWe identified 3 distinct PA trajectories: trajectory 1, below PA guidelines (n=1813; 57.1%); trajectory 2, meeting PA guidelines (n=1094; 34.5%); and trajectory 3, 3 times PA guidelines (n=268; 8.4%). Trajectory 3 participants had higher adjusted odds of CAC>0 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 0.95-1.70) vs those in trajectory 1. Stratification by race showed that white participants who engaged in PA 3 times the guidelines had higher odds of developing CAC>0 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.21-2.67). Further stratification by sex showed higher odds for white males (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.16-2.98), and similar but nonsignificant trends were noted for white females (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.79-3.71). However, no such higher odds of CAC>0 for trajectory 3 were observed for black participants.
conclusionWhite individuals who participated in 3 times the recommended PA guidelines over 25 years had higher odds of developing coronary subclinical atherosclerosis by middle age. These findings warrant further exploration, especially by race, into possible biological mechanisms for CAC risk at very high levels of PA.
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Registered trials
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