ReviewPLoS pathogens2017
Combining epidemiology with basic biology of sand flies, parasites, and hosts to inform leishmaniasis transmission dynamics and control.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insecticide-impregnated dog collars reduce infantile clinical visceral leishmaniasis under operational conditions in NW Iran: A community-wide cluster randomised trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Zoonotic leishmaniasis in China: Current status and challenges to elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Knockdown effects of pyrethroid- and neonicotinoid-treated netting against the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae).Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Revisiting the largest human leishmaniasis outbreak in Western Europe (Madrid, Spain): a follow-up entomological study in 2023 and 2024.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Development of new screening tools to evaluate dog exposure to Phlebotomus tobbi and Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Impact of Climatic Factors on the Incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Essaouira, Morocco: A Decadal Analysis (2014-2023).Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Application of ddPCR for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis patients: addition of an ultrasensitive tool to the diagnostic arsenal.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem in Bangladesh: Lessons learned and questions remaining.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Eprinomectin InhibitsTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Nanoformulation-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Paradigm Shift in Antiparasitic Therapy for Zoonotic Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- The Lifecycle of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) Sand Fly in a Newly Developed Colony in Bangladesh.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Detection of Leishmania metacyclogenesis within the sand fly vector employing a real-time PCR for sherp gene expression: A tool for Leishmania surveillance and transmission potential.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of the intensity of infection in birds on Plasmodium development within Culex pipiens mosquitoes.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Progress in antileishmanial drugs: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Apoptotic proteins in Leishmania donovani: in silico screening, modeling, and validation by knock-out and gene expression analysis.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Operational Risk Assessment Tool for Evaluating Leishmania infantum Introduction and Establishment in the United States through Dog ImportationEmerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Chronic High-Level Parasitemia in HIV-Infected Individuals With or Without Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area in Northwest Ethiopia: Potential Superspreaders?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- The Parasitemia has Contributed to the Severity of Cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis.Indian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Canine leishmaniasis in the Americas: etiology, distribution, and clinical and zoonotic importance.Parasites & vectors · 2024Review
- Disentangling detrimental sand fly-mite interactions in a closed laboratory sand fly colony: implications for vector-borne disease studies and guidelines for overcoming severe mite infestations.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Quantitation of the nonlinear heterogeneities in Leishmania parasites, sand fly vectors, and mammalian host relationships provides insights to better understand leishmanial transmission epidemiology towards improving its control. The parasite manipulates the sand fly via production of promastigote secretory gel (PSG), leading to the "blocked sand fly" phenotype, persistent feeding attempts, and feeding on multiple hosts. PSG is injected into the mammalian host with the parasite and promotes the establishment of infection. Animal models demonstrate that sand flies with the highest parasite loads and percent metacyclic promastigotes transmit more parasites with greater frequency, resulting in higher load infections that are more likely to be both symptomatic and efficient reservoirs. The existence of mammalian and sand fly "super-spreaders" provides a biological basis for the spatial and temporal clustering of clinical leishmanial disease. Sand fly blood-feeding behavior will determine the efficacies of indoor residual spraying, topical insecticides, and bed nets. Interventions need to have sufficient coverage to include transmission hot spots, especially in the absence of field tools to assess infectiousness. Interventions that reduce sand fly densities in the absence of elimination could have negative consequences, for example, by interfering with partial immunity conferred by exposure to sand fly saliva. A deeper understanding of both sand fly and host biology and behavior is essential to ensuring effectiveness of vector interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.