Trial reportPloS one2017
A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of lifestyle interventions in pregnancy on gestational diabetes: individual participant data and network meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary Patterns and Diet Quality before and/or during Pregnancy and How These Affect Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Behavior change techniques in pregnancy dietary interventions: a systematic review through the lens of the COM-B model.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of olive oil consumption on diabetes risk: a dose-response meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effective dietary interventions during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavior change techniques to promote healthy eating.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of pre-pregnancy lifestyle in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus-a systematic review and meta-analysis of 257,876 pregnancies.Nutrition & diabetes · 2023Pooled it
- Key Components of Antenatal Lifestyle Interventions to Optimize Gestational Weight Gain: Secondary Analysis of a Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Implementation of Antenatal Lifestyle Interventions Into Routine Care: Secondary Analysis of a Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Antenatal Diet and Physical Activity-Based Interventions With Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA internal medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Pregnancy and Its Benefits on Maternal-Fetal Health: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Lifestyle intervention during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mediterranean Diet and its Benefits on Health and Mental Health: A Literature Review.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2020Pooled it
- The Impact of Mediterranean Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Health.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy on Children's Health: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Targeting the postpartum period to promote weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Placental lipid handling, growth and inflammatory pathways are modified by a maternal Mediterranean diet.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing and becoming a major public health concern. Whether a Mediterranean diet can help prevent GDM in unselected pregnant women has yet to be studied.
methodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of GDM with two different dietary models. All consecutive normoglycemic (<92 mg/dL) pregnant women at 8-12 gestational weeks (GW) were assigned to Intervention Group (IG, n = 500): MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios; or Control Group (CG, n = 500): standard diet with limited fat intake. Primary outcome was to assess the effect of the intervention on GDM incidence at 24-28 GW. Gestational weight gain (GWG), pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean section (CS), preterm delivery, perineal trauma, small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA) and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit were also assessed. Analysis was by intention-to-treat.
resultsA total of 874 women completed the study (440/434, CG/IG). According to nutritional questionnaires and biomarker analysis, women in the IG had a good adherence to the intervention. 177/874 women were diagnosed with GDM, 103/440 (23.4%) in CG and 74/434(17.1%) in IG, p = 0.012. The crude relative risk (RR) for GDM was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56-0.95; p = 0.020) IG vs CG and persisted after adjusted multivariable analysis, 0.75(95% CI: 0.57-0.98; p = 0.039). IG had also significantly reduced rates of insulin-treated GDM, prematurity, GWG at 24-28 and 36-38 GW, emergency CS, perineal trauma, and SGA and LGA newborns (all p<0.05).
conclusionsAn early nutritional intervention with a supplemented MedDiet reduces the incidence of GDM and improves several maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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