Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29048964›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2017

Easiness of Legal Access to Concealed Firearm Permits and Homicide Rates in the United States.

Michael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S Ross, Sandro Galea, Bindu Kalesan, Eric Fleegler, Kristin A Goss

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Firearm Safety in a Country of Arms.The Milbank quarterly · 2026
    Article
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  7. The Relationship between Concealed Carry Licenses and Firearm Homicide in the US: A Reciprocal County-Level Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. FOREWORD Finding Balance in the Fight Against Gun Violence.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2023
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  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Michael SiegelMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Ziming XuanMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Craig S RossMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Sandro GaleaMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Bindu KalesanMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Eric FleeglerMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Kristin A GossMichael Siegel, Ziming Xuan, Craig S. Ross, and Sandro Galea are with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Bindu Kalesan is with the Boston University School of Medicine. Eric Fleegler is with Children's Hospital Boston. Kristin A. Goss is with the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo examine the relation of "shall-issue" laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; "may-issue" laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates.

methodsWe compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis.

resultsShall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide.

conclusionsShall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide.

Indexed as

Age DistributionFirearmsHomicideHumansUnited StatesWounds, Gunshot

Identifiers

PMID29048964
PMCPMC5678379

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.