ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2017
The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection.
Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 219 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 340 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection based on hospital surveillance data: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted Clostridioides difficile Vaccine Candidate in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Amino acid-based formula feeding is associated with increased risk ofGut microbes · 2026Article
- Review
- P2X7R+CD8αβiScience · 2026Article
- From colonization to infection: Genomic evolution of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Review
- A programmed reset mechanism primesScience advances · 2026Article
- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Wastewater reuse for production of plant-based foods: does spore-formingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Colonization Dynamics ofVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Current status and future perspectives of fecal immunological markers in the differential diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Pooled analyses of Clostridioides difficile vaccine trials identify baseline predictors for vaccine response.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Development of a high-throughput screening platform forAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Nanobodies against Clostridioides difficile CDTb provide a toolkit for potent toxin neutralization and highly sensitive quantitation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Development of Peptide Glucosyltransferase Inhibitors With Comprehensive Coverage Across Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Sub-Types.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clostridioides difficile : A suspected pro-carcinogenic bacterium for gastrointestinal tumors.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- CGRP at the Neuroimmune Interface: Regulator of Host Defense, Tumor Immunity, and Tissue Homeostasis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis worldwide. The incidence, severity, mortality and healthcare costs associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) are rising, making C. difficile a major threat to public health. Traditional treatments for CDI involve use of antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin, but disease recurrence occurs in about 30% of patients, highlighting the need for new therapies. The pathogenesis of C. difficile is primarily mediated by the actions of two large clostridial glucosylating toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Some strains produce a third toxin, the binary toxin C. difficile transferase, which can also contribute to C. difficile virulence and disease. These toxins act on the colonic epithelium and immune cells and induce a complex cascade of cellular events that result in fluid secretion, inflammation and tissue damage, which are the hallmark features of the disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the structure and mechanism of action of the C. difficile toxins and their role in disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.