ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Regulatory T Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated with Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of a Japanese Cohort.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Significant association between systemic inflammation response index and prognosis in patients with urological malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between immune cell phenotypes and lung cancer subtypes: insights from mendelian randomization analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy failure in bladder cancer patients: A systematic review.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Regulatory T cells in the bladder cancer tumor microenvironment: mechanisms of immune suppression and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Host's immune response to primary tumours and concomitant brain metastases in the central nervous system.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2026Article
- Traditional Chinese medicine in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a scoping review of syndrome characteristics and critical synthesis of pharmacological and mechanistic evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy role in bladder cancer treatment: a review of literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Characterisation of the tumour microenvironment and PD-L1 granularity reveals the prognostic value of cancer-associated myofibroblasts in non-invasive bladder cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Insights into IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer therapy.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- MAIT cells promote cancer progression and regulatory T cell accumulation in bladder tumor microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Peritumoral Infiltration of Regulatory T Cells Reduces the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy for Bladder Carcinoma In Situ.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2025Article
- Editorial Comment on "Peritumoral Infiltration of Regulatory T Cells Reduces the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy for Bladder Carcinoma In Situ".International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2025Article
- From Bench to Bladder: The Rise in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in the Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cells in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Immune modulators, prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets.Central European journal of urology · 2025Review
- Association of Immune Cells, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Lung Cancer: A Mediating Mendelian Randomization Study.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Key immune cells and their crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer: insights for innovative therapies.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2025Review
- Predicting response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Translational cancer research · 2024Review
- Discovery of a T cell proliferation-associated regulator signature correlates with prognosis risk and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer.International urology and nephrology · 2024Article
- Spatial Distribution of Macrophage and Lymphocyte Subtypes within Tumor Microenvironment to Predict Recurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma after BCG Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical significance of regulatory T cells (Treg) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the tumor microenvironment of human bladder cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore their relevance to oncological features in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We carried out immunohistochemical analysis of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3, Treg maker), CD204 (TAM marker), and interleukin-6 (IL6) using surgical specimens obtained from 154 NMIBC patients. The Treg and TAM counts surrounding the cancer lesion and IL6-positive cancer cell counts were evaluated against clinicopathological variables. We focused on the ability of the Treg and TAM counts around the cancer lesion to predict outcomes after adjuvant intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment. High Treg counts were associated with female patients, older age, T1 category, and high tumor grade. TAM count was significantly correlated with Treg count and with IL6-positive cancer cell count. In our analysis of 71 patients treated with BCG, high counts of Treg and TAM were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival, and the former was an independent predictor of recurrence. Poor response to intravesical BCG was associated with Treg and TAM in the tumor microenvironment. Disrupting the immune network can be a supplementary therapeutic approach for NMIBC patients receiving intravesical BCG.
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