ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2017
Weather-Dependent Risk for Legionnaires' Disease, United States.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Perspective ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Climate Change on Legionnaire's Disease: A Systematic Review.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- High Humidity Exacerbates Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice viaMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Review
- Incorporating Incubation Period Distributions to Precisely Estimate the Association Between Rainfall and Legionella Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Seasonal Dynamics and Legionellosis-Associated Hospitalization in Spain: A Retrospective Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Foresight 2035: a perspective on the next decade of research on the management of Legionella spp. in engineered aquatic environments.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Weather conditions and legionellosis: a nationwide case-crossover study among Medicare recipients.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Can genomics and meteorology predict outbreaks of legionellosis in urban settings?Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Mysteriously rapid rise in Legionnaires' disease incidence correlates with declining atmospheric sulfur dioxide.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Legionellosis on the rise: A scoping review of sporadic, community-acquired incidence in the United States.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Clinical Reasoning: A 47-Year-Old Man With an Upper Respiratory Infection, Acute Confusion, Dysarthria, and Ataxia.Neurology · 2023Review
- An investigation of the seasonal relationships between meteorological factors, water quality, and sporadic cases of Legionnaires' disease in Washington, DC.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Surveillance ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Diagnostic Study to Assess the Performance of a New UrinaryInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Proteome Exploration ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- A risk model to identify Legionella among patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Article
- Rising Incidence of Legionnaires' Disease and Associated Epidemiologic Patterns, United States, 1992-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Review
- High humidity aggravates the severity of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis mice by upregulating xylitol and L-pyroglutamic acid.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
- Epidemiology of Legionnaires' Disease in Italy, 2004-2019: A Summary of Available Evidence.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and US weather data, we estimated the probability of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) being diagnosed as Legionnaires' disease (LD). LD risk increases when weather is warm and humid. With warm weather, we found a dose-response relationship between relative humidity and the odds for LD. When the mean temperature was 60°-80°F with high humidity (>80.0%), the odds for CAP being diagnosed with LD were 3.1 times higher than with lower levels of humidity (<50.0%). Thus, in some regions (e.g., the Southwest), LD is rarely the cause of hospitalizations. In other regions and seasons (e.g., the mid-Atlantic in summer), LD is much more common. Thus, suspicion for LD should increase when weather is warm and humid. However, when weather is cold, dry, or extremely hot, empirically treating all CAP patients for LD might contribute to excessive antimicrobial drug use at a population level.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.