ArticleDemographic research
Space, race, and poverty: Spatial inequalities in walkable neighborhood amenities?
Article in Demographic research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Ethnic Inequalities in Stroke Incidence Patterns and Trends in High-Income Countries (2015-2025).Neuroepidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to neighbourhood environments for physical activity: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Pooled it
- Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines among Female Breast Cancer Survivors in the United States.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Gentrification Yields Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Exposure To Contextual Determinants Of Health.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Walkability as a Risk Factor for Preterm Birth Phenotypes in Two Philadelphia Hospitals from 2013-2016.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Gentrification, Mobility, and Exposure to Contextual Social Determinants of Health.Housing policy debate · 2023Article
- Moderating Effects of Racial Segregation on the Associations of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Walkability in Chicago Metropolitan Area.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Inequities in Physical Activity Environments and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Rural Communities.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Racialized Economic Segregation and Breast Cancer Mortality among Women in Maryland.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Determinants of Sufficient Physical Activity Levels.Kansas journal of medicine · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic and racial disparities of sidewalk quality in a traditional rust belt city.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Neighborhood Walkability as a Predictor of Incident Hypertension in a National Cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Alcohol Outlet Density and Area-Level Heavy Drinking Are Independent Risk Factors for Higher Alcohol-Related Complaints.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2019Article
- Location of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Services Across New York City Neighborhoods: Do Neighborhood Socio-demographic Characteristics and HIV Incidence Matter?AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Remote sensing-based measurement of Living Environment Deprivation: Improving classical approaches with machine learning.PloS one · 2017Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage; Neighborhood Racial Composition; and Hypertension Stage, Awareness, and Treatment Among Hypertensive Black Men in New York City: Does Nativity Matter?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2016Article
- The role of neighborhood characteristics in racial/ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes: results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2015Article
- Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among U.S. high school seniors.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2014Article
- A spatially explicit approach to the study of socio-demographic inequality in the spatial distribution of trees across Boston neighborhoods.Spatial demography · 2014Article
- Racial segregation and maternal smoking during pregnancy: a multilevel analysis using the racial segregation interaction index.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMultiple and varied benefits have been suggested for increased neighborhood walkability. However, spatial inequalities in neighborhood walkability likely exist and may be attributable, in part, to residential segregation.
objectiveUtilizing a spatial demographic perspective, we evaluated potential spatial inequalities in walkable neighborhood amenities across census tracts in Boston, MA (US).
methodsThe independent variables included minority racial/ethnic population percentages and percent of families in poverty. Walkable neighborhood amenities were assessed with a composite measure. Spatial autocorrelation in key study variables were first calculated with the Global Moran's
resultsSignificant positive spatial autocorrelation was found in neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. census tract percent Black), but not walkable neighborhood amenities or in the OLS regression residuals. Spearman correlations between neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics and walkable neighborhood amenities were not statistically significant, nor were neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics significantly associated with walkable neighborhood amenities in OLS regression models.
conclusionsOur results suggest that there is residential segregation in Boston and that spatial inequalities do not necessarily show up using a composite measure. COMMENTS: Future research in other geographic areas (including international contexts) and using different definitions of neighborhoods (including small-area definitions) should evaluate if spatial inequalities are found using composite measures but also should use measures of specific neighborhood amenities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.