ArticleNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2018
How do primary care doctors in England and Wales code and manage people with chronic kidney disease? Results from the National Chronic Kidney Disease Audit.
Article in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of care for people with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Sustainability of an electronic technology-based intervention in general practice targeting improved detection and monitoring of the interrelated chronic vascular diseases.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Trial
- Gender disparities in Swedish specialized nephrology care.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Clinical Implications of Missed CKD Diagnosis in Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Deciding between conservative kidney management and dialysis in older people with kidney failure: a narrative review.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Observational
- The association between coding for chronic kidney disease and kidney replacement therapy incidence at CCG-level in England: an ecological study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Sex-specific temporal trends in incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease: a Danish population-based cohort study.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Chronic kidney disease: detect, diagnose, disclose-a UK primary care perspective of barriers and enablers to effective kidney care.BMC medicine · 2024Review
- Global Validation of a Model to Predict Reduced Estimated GFR in People With Type 2 Diabetes Without Diagnosis of CKD.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Combined effects of blood pressure and glucose status on the risk of chronic kidney disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Differences in the epidemiology, management and outcomes of kidney disease in men and women.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Identification of patients undergoing chronic kidney replacement therapy in primary and secondary care data: validation study based on OpenSAFELY and UK Renal Registry.BMJ medicine · 2024Article
- Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in people with kidney disease: an OpenSAFELY cohort study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Article
- The Codevelopment of "My Kidneys & Me": A Digital Self-management Program for People With Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Article
- Article
- Cardiovascular Risk Stratification and Appropriate Use of Statins in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease According to Different Strategies.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
- Validation of Diagnostic Coding for Diabetes Mellitus in Hospitalized Patients.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Article
- Hypertension and cardiovascular risk factor management in a multi-ethnic cohort of adults with CKD: a cross sectional study in general practice.Journal of nephrology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In the UK, primary care records are electronic and require doctors to ascribe disease codes to direct care plans and facilitate safe prescribing. We investigated factors associated with coding of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with reduced kidney function and the impact this has on patient management. Methods: We identified patients meeting biochemical criteria for CKD (two estimated glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 taken >90 days apart) from 1039 general practitioner (GP) practices in a UK audit. Clustered logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with coding for CKD and improvement in coding as a result of the audit process. We investigated the relationship between coding and five interventions recommended for CKD: achieving blood pressure targets, proteinuria testing, statin prescription and flu and pneumococcal vaccination. Results: Of 256 000 patients with biochemical CKD, 30% did not have a GP CKD code. Males, older patients, those with more severe CKD, diabetes or hypertension or those prescribed statins were more likely to have a CKD code. Among those with continued biochemical CKD following audit, these same characteristics increased the odds of improved coding. Patients without any kidney diagnosis were less likely to receive optimal care than those coded for CKD [e.g. odds ratio for meeting blood pressure target 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.76-0.79)]. Conclusion: Older age, male sex, diabetes and hypertension are associated with coding for those with biochemical CKD. CKD coding is associated with receiving key primary care interventions recommended for CKD. Increased efforts to incentivize CKD coding may improve outcomes for CKD patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.