ArticlePloS one2017
Patterns and rates of viral evolution in HIV-1 subtype B infected females and males.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.Biology of sex differences · 2020Trial
- wavess: An R package for simulation of adaptive within-host virus sequence evolution.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Rebound Virus Consists of a Small Number of Lineages That Entered the Reservoir Close to ART Initiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Higher HIV-1 evolutionary rate is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations in infants.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- A simple phylogenetic approach to analyze hypermutated HIV proviruses reveals insights into their dynamics and persistence during antiretroviral therapy.Research square · 2024Article
- The replication-competent HIV reservoir is a genetically restricted, younger subset of the overall pool of HIV proviruses persisting during therapy, which is highly genetically stable over time.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Optimized SMRT-UMI protocol produces highly accurate sequence datasets from diverse populations-Application to HIV-1 quasispecies.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- The replication-competent HIV reservoir is a genetically restricted, younger subset of the overall pool of HIV proviruses persisting during therapy, which is highly genetically stable over time.Research square · 2023Article
- Evolutionary implications of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for the future design of vaccination strategies.Communications medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- HIV proviral genetic diversity, compartmentalization and inferred dynamics in lung and blood during long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Identifying Markers of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients With Secondary Immunodeficiency.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Twenty years of evolution and diversification of digitaria streak virus in Digitaria setigera.Virus evolution · 2021Article
- Genetic Diversity, Compartmentalization, and Age of HIV Proviruses Persisting in CD4Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Longitudinal within-host evolution of HIV Nef-mediated CD4, HLA and SERINC5 downregulation activity: a case study.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- HIV Diversity and Genetic Compartmentalization in Blood and Testes during Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Evolution of HIV-1 within untreated individuals and at the population scale in Uganda.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Analysis of evolutionary rate of HIV-1 subtype B using blood donor samples in Japan.Virus genes · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biological sex differences affect the course of HIV infection, with untreated women having lower viral loads compared to their male counterparts but, for a given viral load, women have a higher rate of progression to AIDS. However, the vast majority of data on viral evolution, a process that is clearly impacted by host immunity and could be impacted by sex differences, has been derived from men. We conducted an intensive analysis of HIV-1 gag and env-gp120 evolution taken over the first 6-11 years of infection from 8 Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants who had not received combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). This was compared to similar data previously collected from men, with both groups infected with HIV-1 subtype B. Early virus populations in men and women were generally homogenous with no differences in diversity between sexes. No differences in ensuing nucleotide substitution rates were found between the female and male cohorts studied herein. As previously reported for men, time to peak diversity in env-gp120 in women was positively associated with time to CD4+ cell count below 200 (P = 0.017), and the number of predicted N-linked glycosylation sites generally increased over time, followed by a plateau or decline, with the majority of changes localized to the V1-V2 region. These findings strongly suggest that the sex differences in HIV-1 disease progression attributed to immune system composition and sensitivities are not revealed by, nor do they impact, global patterns of viral evolution, the latter of which proceeds similarly in women and men.
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Registered trials
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