SynthesisRheumatology international2017
The multifactorial origin of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in cyclophosphamide-treated lupus patients.
Synthesis in Rheumatology international, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consecutive PRES and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with active lupus nephritis and antiphospholipid antibodies: a case report and systematic literature review.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and infection: a systematic review of the literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019Pooled it
- The multifactorial origin of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in cyclophosphamide-treated lupus patients.Rheumatology international · 2017Pooled it
- Corticosteroids in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Friend or foe? A systematic review.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Associated with L-Asparaginase Treatment in Children: Literature Review and Six Case Reports.Current drug safety · 2025Review
- Fatal Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with Anti-melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5 Antibody-positive Dermatomyositis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Article
- Oral cyclophosphamide-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with ANCA-associated vasculitis: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- A Rare Case with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Manifested by two Different Neurologic Entities; Guillain Barre Syndrome and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2020Article
- A Rare Case of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Patient with Anti-GBM Vasculitis, and Review of Current Literature.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2019Article
- Sympathomimetic Toxidromes and Other Pharmacological Causes of Acute Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The cyclophosphamide as a predisposing factor for Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) and therapeutic option for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still confusing. The first and only case of PRES, probably induced by cyclophosphamide, in Croatia followed by the findings of 36 SLE patients diagnosed with PRES after treatment with cyclophosphamide worldwide are described. An 18-year-old Caucasian female patient with a 1-year history of SLE was admitted to the hospital due to lupus nephritis and acute arthritis. After the second dose of cyclophosphamide was administered, according to the Euro-lupus protocol, the patient presented with a grand mal status epilepticus. The differential diagnosis of neurolupus, cerebrovascular insult, and infection were excluded. The MRI findings showed brain changes in corresponding to PRES. The treatment consisted of antihypertensives, antiepileptics, antiedema therapy, mechanical ventilation, and avoiding further cyclophosphamide use. A Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale total score of five and a probable reaction related to drug therapy (cyclophosphamide, PRES) was confirmed. In this systematic review, along with cyclophosphamide use, the main predisposing factors involved in PRES occurrence in SLE patients were active SLE and renal involvement. Due to the high number of simultaneously involved predisposing factors (max. six) and their overlapping effect, it is still not possible to clearly establish the role of every factor on PRES onset. The use of cyclophosphamide, as a contributing factor for PRES onset, should be carefully assessed, based on clinicians' experience and knowledge, in the setting of active SLE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.