ArticleBMJ open2017
Emotional reactions in parents of the youth who experienced the Utøya shooting on 22 July 2011; results from a cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Has mental health changed in children and adolescents registered with a dedicated support service responding to the Manchester Arena attack: 3-year follow-up.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- Anxiety, Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Terrorist Attacks: A General Review of the Literature.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Effects of Mass Shootings on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents.Current psychiatry reports · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND
settingThe objective of this study was to provide knowledge about the emotional reactions in parents whose offspring experienced a mass shooting on Utøya island in Norway in 2011. The research questions included whether parents' reactions were influenced by their offspring's symptom level, age, living situation and parental gender.
designThe study was designed as an open cohort study. The data were collected at two time points; 4-5 months and 14-15 months after the shooting.
participantsThe participants were 531 parents of youth exposed to the Utøya island attack. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Parental Emotional Reaction Questionnaire measured parents' reactions, and University of California, Los Angeles Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index measured youths' post-traumatic stress symptoms.
resultsParental emotional reactions were positively related to post-traumatic stress reactions in offspring at wave 1: Est.=0.20, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.30, p<0.001, over time (wave 1and wave 2 nested within individuals): Est.=0.23, CI 0.13 to 0.32, p<0.001, and at wave 2: Est.=0.26, CI 0.12 to 0.39, p<0.001. Youths' age was not significantly related to parental emotional reactions, neither at wave 1: Est.=0.19, CI -0.40 to 0.77, p=0.531, over time: Est.=0.26, CI -0.27 to 0.79, p=328, nor at wave 2: Est.=0.32, CI -0.41 to 1.05, p=0.389. Mothers were more emotionally upset than fathers both at wave 1: Est.=-5.66, CI -7.63 to -3.69, p<0.001, over time: Est.=-5.36, CI -7.18 to -3.55, p<0.001, and at wave 2: Est.=-5.33, CI -7.72 to -2.53, p<0.001.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that parenting after trauma should be addressed in outreach programmes and in planning of healthcare services.
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