SynthesisBMC public health2017
Prevalence of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in India: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Global and Regional Patterns of Drug Resistance and Treatment Regimens in Spinal Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Global spine journal · 2026Review
- Tailored conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: A tale of two pathways for IFN-γ and IL-12 defects.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Pan-genomic analysis of the multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Strategies and Recent Advances in Tackling Antibacterial Resistance in India: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Outcomes and Adverse Events of WHO Shorter Regimen in the Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Bhutan: A Longitudinal Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Serbia: A Ten-Year Experience from a Tertiary Center.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genotypic analysis of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ghana: Insights into pre-XDR and XDR-TB.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and epidemic pattern of ecdemic multidrug-resistant tuberculosis during 2012-2022 in Hangzhou, China: implication for public health strategies.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of first- and second-line drugs-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Review
- Factors Associated with Non-Adherence to Treatment Among Migrants with MDR-TB in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2024Article
- Article
- A Global Bibliometric Analysis on Antibiotic-Resistant Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis over the Last 25 Years (1996-2020).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD): Toward improving the adherence of the patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis in Nashik, Maharashtra.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Clinical spectrum of active tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology international · 2021Article
- Upward trends in new, rifampicin-resistant and concurrent extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in northern Guizhou Province of China.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Prevalence of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Sudan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Epidemiological profile of patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: an analysis of the Uganda National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Surveillance Data, 2014-2018.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a significant public health issue that considerably deters the ongoing TB control efforts in India. The purpose of this review was to investigate the prevalence of DR-TB and understand the regional variation in resistance pattern across India from 1995 to 2015, based on a large body of published epidemiological studies.
methodsA systematic review of published studies reporting prevalence of DR-TB from biomedical databases (PubMed and IndMed) was conducted. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model and the pooled prevalence estimate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of DR-TB, multidrug resistant (MDR-) TB, pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) TB and XDR-TB were calculated across two study periods (decade 1: 1995 to 2005; decade 2: 2006 to 2015), countrywide and in different regions. Heterogeneity in this meta-analysis was assessed using I
resultsA total of 75 of 635 screened studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Over 40% of 45,076 isolates suspected for resistance to any first-line anti-TB drugs tested positive. Comparative analysis revealed a worsening trend in DR-TB between the two study decades (decade 1: 37.7% [95% CI = 29.0; 46.4], n = 25 vs decade 2: 46.1% [95% CI = 39.0; 53.2], n = 36). The pooled estimate of MDR-TB resistance was higher in previously treated patients (decade 1: 29.8% [95% CI = 20.7; 39.0], n = 13; decade 2: 35.8% [95% CI = 29.2; 42.4], n = 24) as compared with the newly diagnosed cases (decade 1: 4.1% [95% CI = 2.7; 5.6], n = 13; decade 2: 5.6% [95% CI = 3.8; 7.4], n = 17). Overall, studies from Western states of India reported highest prevalence of DR-TB (57.8% [95% CI = 37.4; 78.2], n = 6) and MDR-TB (39.9% [95% CI = 21.7; 58.0], n = 6) during decade 2. Prevalence of pre-XDR TB was 7.9% (95% CI = 4.4; 11.4, n = 5) with resistance to fluoroquinolone (66.3% [95% CI = 58.2; 74.4], n = 5) being the highest. The prevalence of XDR-TB was 1.9% (95% CI = 1.2; 2.6, n = 14) over the 20-year period.
conclusionThe alarming increase in the trend of anti-TB drug resistance in India warrants the need for a structured nationwide surveillance to assist the National TB Control Program in strengthening treatment strategies for improved outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.