ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2017
The role of early life growth development, the FTO gene and exclusive breastfeeding on child BMI trajectories.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- In the context of the triple burden of malnutrition: A systematic review of gene-diet interactions and nutritional status.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- GWAS on longitudinal growth traits reveals different genetic factors influencing infant, child, and adult BMI.Science advances · 2019Pooled it
- The CommonNutrients · 2026Article
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From Pregnancy to Breastfeeding: The Role of Maternal Exercise in Preventing Childhood Obesity.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Offspring's exposome: a narrative review on the influence of early-life factors on childhood obesity risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The interaction of breastfeeding and genetic factors on childhood obesity.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Review
- Risk of Fat Mass- and Obesity-Associated Gene-Dependent Obesogenic Programming by Formula Feeding Compared to Breastfeeding.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The Role of Cow's Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Breastfeeding moderates the relationship betweenObesity science & practice · 2022Article
- The Causal Association Between Obesity and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Appetite-Regulating Hormones ın Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2021Article
- Maternal and infant prediction of the child BMI trajectories; studies across two generations of Northern Finland birth cohorts.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Article
- Pre-Birth and Early-Life Factors Associated With the Timing of Adiposity Peak and Rebound: A Large Population-Based Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Exclusive breastfeeding can attenuate body-mass-index increase among genetically susceptible children: A longitudinal study from the ALSPAC cohort.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Pre-, Perinatal, and Parental Predictors of Body Mass Index Trajectory Milestones.The Journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have implicated the FTO gene in child and adult obesity. A longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EXBF) has been shown to reduce body mass index (BMI) and the risk of being overweight in the general population and among FTO gene carriers. However, it remains unclear whether the preventive effect of EXBF could be explained by its impact on early life growth development, e.g. ages at adiposity peak (AP) and adiposity rebound (AR) and BMI velocities in the first years of life, which are major determinants of overweight and obesity later in life. Methods: We studied 5590 children from the British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort and modelled their longitudinal BMI profiles with mixed effects models from birth to 16 years of age, as well as their ages at AP, AR and BMI velocities in relation to the FTO gene variant and EXBF. Results: A longer duration of EXBF (i.e. at least 5 months) has substantial impact on BMI growth trajectories among children carrying the FTO adverse variant by modulating the age at AP, age at AR and BMI velocities. EXBF acts antagonistically to the FTO rs9939609 risk allele and by the age of 15, the predicted reduction in BMI after 5 months of EXBF is 0.56 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-1.01; P = 0.003] and 1.14 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.67-1.62; P < 0.0001) in boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: EXBF influences early life growth development and thus plays a critical role in preventing the risks of overweight and obesity even when those are exacerbated by genetic factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.