SynthesisPloS one2017
Primary care models for treating opioid use disorders: What actually works? A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid use disorder in primary care: PEER umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2019Pooled it
- An Epidemic of Incompetence: A Critical Review of Addictions Curriculum in Canadian Residency Programs.MedEdPublish (2016) · 2019Pooled it
- Differences in benefits of office based opioid treatment: Secondary analyses across sub-groups in the PROUD randomized controlled implementation trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Trial
- Integrating Methadone Services Into Primary Care in Ukraine: Two-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Nurse Care Management of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment After 3 Years: A Secondary Analysis of the PROUD Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Adapting psychotherapy in collaborative care for treating opioid use disorder and co-occurring psychiatric conditions in primary care.Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare · 2023Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce stigma toward people with opioid use disorder among primary care clinicians.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Trial
- A community approach to promote healthcare services for people living with HIV who use drugs in Vietnam.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Trial
- Comparing Buprenorphine Treatment Outcomes Among Kentucky Medicaid Patients by Prescriber Specialty and Type.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- External Validation of Epic's Risk of Opioid Abuse and Overdose Model Among Primary Care Patients in Three Health Systems.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Factors influencing family physicians' willingness to prescribe opioid agonist therapy using virtual modalities: a qualitative analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The multidimensional social ecological needs and service utilization patterns of youth using non-medical prescription opioids: an observational study of routinely collected data in a provincial integrated youth services initiative.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Observational
- The psychosocial pain management to improve opioid use disorder treatment outcomes study: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Implementation of an Outreach Clinic for Opioid Use Disorder: Protocol for a Participatory Cocreation and Implementation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Clinical Management of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder Using a Mobile Health App Within a Primary Care Clinic: Quasi-Experimental Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Understanding the use of telemedicine across different opioid use disorder treatment models: A scoping review.Journal of telemedicine and telecare · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a Program Designed to Support Implementation of Prescribing Medication for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care Practices.Annals of family medicine · 2025Article
- Supporting linkage facilitators working with persons with opioid use disorder: challenges, advances, and future directions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- How Racialized Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder and Opioid Misuse Management Hamper Pharmacoequity for Cancer Pain.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Article
- Organization of primary care and early MOUD discontinuation.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary care-based models for Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) have been shown to reduce mortality for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and have equivalent efficacy to MAT in specialty substance treatment facilities.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to systematically analyze current evidence-based, primary care OUD MAT interventions and identify program structures and processes associated with improved patient outcomes in order to guide future policy and implementation in primary care settings. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsychInfo.
methodsWe included randomized controlled or quasi experimental trials and observational studies evaluating OUD treatment in primary care settings treating adult patient populations and assessed structural domains using an established systems engineering framework.
resultsWe included 35 interventions (10 RCTs and 25 quasi-experimental interventions) that all tested MAT, buprenorphine or methadone, in primary care settings across 8 countries. Most included interventions used joint multi-disciplinary (specialty addiction services combined with primary care) and coordinated care by physician and non-physician provider delivery models to provide MAT. Despite large variability in reported patient outcomes, processes, and tasks/tools used, similar key design factors arose among successful programs including integrated clinical teams with support staff who were often advanced practice clinicians (nurses and pharmacists) as clinical care managers, incorporating patient "agreements," and using home inductions to make treatment more convenient for patients and providers.
conclusionsThe findings suggest that multidisciplinary and coordinated care delivery models are an effective strategy to implement OUD treatment and increase MAT access in primary care, but research directly comparing specific structures and processes of care models is still needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.