ArticlePloS one2017
Continuing professional development for medical, nursing, and midwifery cadres in Malawi, Tanzania and South Africa: A qualitative evaluation.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Design, delivery and effectiveness of health practitioner regulation systems: an integrative review.Human resources for health · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of clinical competency acquisition and maintenance among nurses in Ghana: a mixed methods systematic review.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Nurse's perspectives on continuing professional development at Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi: a qualitative inquiry.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- CBE and the Missing 'E': Making Competency-Based Education an Equitable Framework for Global Health Professions Education.Perspectives on medical education · 2026Article
- Perceptions, attitudes, and challenges regarding continuing professional development among Ethiopian medical laboratory professionals: a mixed-methods study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Intention to use eLearning-based continuing professional development and its predictors among healthcare professionals in Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia, 2023: using modified UTAUT-2 model.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Nursing Future Horizon: Simultaneous Continual Nursing Model and Homemade Dialogue Tool for Controlling Cardiac Function and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Heart Diseases.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Narrative review: Continuous professional development training programmes in Africa and their limitations.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- Barriers and facilitators in the acquisition of diabetes knowledge among tertiary-care nurses in central and southern Malawi: an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Continuing professional development barriers and recommendations: Perspectives of audiologists.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir Kommunikasieafwykings · 2024Article
- Knowledge, perceived needs of continuous professional's development, and associated factors among healthcare workers in East Ethiopia: a multi-health facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Access to continuous professional development for capacity building among nurses and midwives providing emergency obstetric and neonatal care in Rwanda.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Utilization of continuous professional development among health professionals in East Ethiopia: a multi-health facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Stakeholder views on continuing professional development for doctors working in public primary care facilities in central Uganda: a qualitative study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Issues in enhancing continuing professional development for midwives in clinical practice in Mongolia.Global health & medicine · 2023Article
- Continuing professional development (CPD) training needs assessment for medical laboratory professionals in Ethiopia.Human resources for health · 2023Article
- Stakeholders' perceptions of continuing professional development among Nepalese nurses: A focus group study.Nursing open · 2023Article
- Health workers' experiences of implementation of Helping Mothers Survive Bleeding after Birth training in Tanzania: a process evaluation using the i-PARIHS framework.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Mobile-Social Learning for Continuing Professional Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Integrative Review.JMIR medical education · 2022Review
- An e-Learning Program for Physiotherapists to Manage Knee Osteoarthritis Via Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Real-World Evaluation Study Using Registration and Survey Data.JMIR medical education · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs innovations in the prevention and treatment of HIV and TB advance, continuing professional development (CPD) of health care workers (HCWs) remains a high priority, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where dual TB/HIV epidemics are compounded by severe HCW shortages. There is further need to examine CPD programs to identify challenges and effective solutions to strengthen HIV/TB-related CPD.
methodsQualitative evaluations in Malawi, Tanzania and South Africa (RSA) were conducted using key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in each country to identify barriers and enablers of effective HIV/TB-related CPD. Key stakeholders represented CPD implementers, regulators, and developers. HCWs were purposively sampled from high disease burden districts; each HCW completed brief, semi-structured questionnaires and participated in a FGD. KII and FGD results were combined into key themes spanning across countries using a grounded theory approach.
resultsFifty-two KIIs were conducted: 17 in Malawi, 19 in Tanzania and 16 in RSA. Eighty-nine HCWs (24 from Malawi, 38 from Tanzania and 27 from RSA) completed questionnaires and participated in FGDs. Primarily, lack of sustainable financial resources and limitations in coordination of CPD result in poor accountability for CPD oversight and reduce CPD quality assurance. Healthcare worker shortages limit CPD opportunities, creating disparities in CPD access. CPD irrelevance and imbalance between HCW-identified CPD needs and current programs reduce enthusiasm for CPD. Facility-level constraints, including poor infrastructure and weak supply chains, restrict implementation of CPD skills and knowledge. Challenges are more severe in rural settings.
conclusionTo address identified gaps, sustainable funding, strong leadership and collaboration at every level are needed to strengthen CPD regulation and accreditation systems; increase CPD accessibility in the workplace; and create enabling environments for CPD implementation. Together, these improvements may improve TB/HIV CPD quality and patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.