ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2017
Thyroid function and metabolic syndrome in the population-based LifeLines cohort study.
Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Effects of thyroid hormone and depression on common components of central obesity.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Trial
- Non-linear associations of the triglyceride-glucose index with thyroid function in a large Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluating the association between TSH and FT4 levels and the incidence of metabolic syndrome: insights from the Tehran thyroid study using joint modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Preconception thyroid function in relation to pregnancy lipids among women attending a fertility center.Thyroid research · 2025Article
- Association of the thyroid hormone sensitivity index with triglycerides in adolescents: a cross-sectional study.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Association between oxidative balance score and thyroid function and all-cause mortality in euthyroid adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Triiodothyronine Is Associated with Incidence/Resolution of Steatotic Liver Disease: Longitudinal Study in Euthyroid Korean.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Thyroid-related Hormones and Hypertension Incidence in Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: The HCHS/SOL Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Thyroid Hormones and Diabetes in Euthyroid Hispanic/Latino Adults of Diverse Backgrounds: HCHS/SOL.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Association between hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome in Qinghai, China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Crossroads between Skin and Endocrine Glands: The Interplay of Lichen Planus with Thyroid Anomalies.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- High free triiodothyronine, and free-triiodothyronine-to-free-thyroxine ratio are associated with metabolic syndrome in a euthyroid employee population: the Zhejiang Zhenhai study.Endocrine connections · 2023Article
- Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones and dyslipidemia in patients with coronary heart disease.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Sexual dimorphism in selenium deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome and prevalence of heart disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Thyroid dysfunction during PD-1 inhibitor treatment in patients with cancer: Incidence and association with progression-free survival.Oncology letters · 2022Article
- The interactive effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index, thyroid function, and blood lipid levels on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a crossover analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Assessment of the Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Production of Selected Cytokines in Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Mediation effects of thyroid function in the associations between phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adults.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Article
- High Maternal Total Cholesterol Is Associated With No-Catch-up Growth in Full-Term SGA Infants: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of unfavourable health factors which includes abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired fasting glucose. Earlier studies have reported a relationship between thyroid function and some MetS components or suggested that serum free thyroxine (FT4) or free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels within the normal range were independently associated with insulin resistance. We assessed how thyroid function relates to MetS prevalence in a large population-based study.
methodsData of 26,719 people of western European descent, aged 18-80 years from the Dutch LifeLines Cohort study, all with normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), FT4 and FT3 levels (electrochemiluminescent immunoassay, Roche Modular E170 Analyzer), were available. MetS was defined with the revised National Cholesterol Education Programs Adults Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. We calculated prevalence of all MetS components according to TSH, FT4 and FT3 quartiles.
resultsAt similar TSH levels and age (mean 45 yrs), men had significantly higher levels of FT4, FT3, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and creatinine, but lower HDL-cholesterol compared to women (all p < 0.001). In total, 11.8% of women and 20.7% of men had MetS. In men, lower FT4 levels were associated with higher prevalence of MetS and all MetS components. In women, lower FT4 quartile was only associated with a higher prevalence of elevated TG, waist circumference, and MetS. However, when corrected for confounding factors like age, BMI, current smoking and alcohol consumption, a significant relationship was found between FT3 and three MetS components in men, and all five components in women. Moreover, the highest quartiles of FT3 and the FT3FT4 ratio predicted a 49% and 67% higher prevalence of MetS in men, and a 62 and 80% higher prevalence in women.
conclusionsWhen corrected for possible confounding factors, higher plasma levels of FT3 are associated with several components of the MetS. Only in men, lower FT4 is related to MetS. In the highest FT3 and FT3FT4 quartiles, there is a 50-80% increased risk of having MetS compared to the lowest quartile. Further studies are needed to assess the possible causality of this relationship.
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