ArticleMalaria journal2017
High prevalence of very-low Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia carriers in the Peruvian Amazon: insights into local and occupational mobility-related transmission.
Article in Malaria journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatio-temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum transmission within a spatial unit on the Colombian Pacific Coast.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Associations between weather and Plasmodium vivax malaria in an Amazonian elimination setting: a distributed lag analysis from 2017 to 2024.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- UnderstandingiScience · 2026Article
- Hidden burden: submicroscopic Plasmodium spp. infections in indigenous populations of the Peruvian Amazon.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Submicroscopic infections and two malaria vectors are major contributors to residual malaria in an Amazonian village in Peru.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High Prevalence, Genetic Diversity and Temporal Differentiation of Plasmodium vivax in a Remote Hard-to-Reach Community from the Peruvian Amazon Region.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic/submicroscopicParasite epidemiology and control · 2025Article
- UnderstandingmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Associations between weather andmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- High-throughput genotyping of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon via molecular inversion probes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The role of connectivity on malaria dynamics across areas with contrasting control coverage in the Peruvian Amazon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- A Five-Year Malaria Prevalence/Frequency in Makenene in a Forest-Savannah Transition Ecozone of Central Cameroon: The Results of a Retrospective Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Recurrence patterns and evolution of submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax infections in malaria-endemic areas of the Peruvian Amazon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs in Honduras: A Challenge for Elimination.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of climate and land use/land cover changes on malaria incidence in the Ecuadorian Amazon.PLOS climate · 2024Article
- PET-PCR reveals low parasitaemia and submicroscopic malarial infections in Honduran Moskitia.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Effect of out-of-village working activities on recent malaria exposure in the Peruvian Amazon using parametric g-formula.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Evidence-Based Malaria Control and Elimination in the Amazon: Input from the International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research Network in Peru and Brazil.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Review
- Malaria Resilience in South America: Epidemiology, Vector Biology, and Immunology Insights from the Amazonian International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research Network in Peru and Brazil.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Evaluating recurrent episodes of malaria incidence in Timika, Indonesia, through a Markovian multiple-state model.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of malaria due both to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon has risen in the past 5 years. This study tested the hypothesis that the maintenance and emergence of malaria in hypoendemic regions such as Amazonia is determined by submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitaemia carriers. The present study aimed to precisely quantify the rate of very-low parasitaemia carriers in two sites of the Peruvian Amazon in relation to transmission patterns of P. vivax and P. falciparum in this area.
methodsThis study was carried out within the Amazonian-ICEMR longitudinal cohort. Blood samples were collected for light microscopy diagnosis and packed red blood cell (PRBC) samples were analysed by qPCR. Plasma samples were tested for total IgG reactivity against recombinant PvMSP-10 and PfMSP-10 antigens by ELISA. Occupation and age 10 years and greater were considered surrogates of occupation-related mobility. Risk factors for P. falciparum and P. vivax infections detected by PRBC-qPCR were assessed by multilevel logistic regression models.
resultsAmong 450 subjects, the prevalence of P. vivax by PRBC-PCR (25.1%) was sixfold higher than that determined by microscopy (3.6%). The prevalence of P. falciparum infection was 4.9% by PRBC-PCR and 0.2% by microscopy. More than 40% of infections had parasitaemia under 5 parasites/μL. Multivariate analysis for infections detected by PRBC-PCR showed that participants with recent settlement in the study area (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.03:4.2), age ≥ 30 years (AOR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6:6.9) and seropositivity to P. vivax (AOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.0:3.2) had significantly higher likelihood of P. vivax infection, while the odds of P. falciparum infection was higher for participants between 10 and 29 years (AOR 10.7; 95% CI 1.3:91.1) and with a previous P. falciparum infection (AOR 10.4; 95% CI 1.5:71.1).
conclusionsThis study confirms the contrasting transmission patterns of P. vivax and P. falciparum in the Peruvian Amazon, with stable local transmission for P. vivax and the source of P. falciparum to the study villages dominated by very low parasitaemia carriers, age 10 years and older, who had travelled away from home for work and brought P. falciparum infection with them.
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