ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2017
Age and Graphomotor Decision Making Assessed with the Digital Clock Drawing Test: The Framingham Heart Study.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Clock Drawing as an Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility Biomarker: Associations with Genetic Risk Score and APOE in Older Adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- Defining neurocognitive constructs underlying visual attention in mild cognitive impairment and dementia using digital assessment technology.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Precision neurocognition: An emerging diagnostic paradigm leveraging digital cognitive assessment technology.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Review
- Article
- Association of the digital clock drawing test with amyloid and tau PET biomarkers in low age risk adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A new method for community-based intelligent screening of early Alzheimer's disease populations based on digital biomarkers of the writing process.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2025Article
- Developing a fair and interpretable representation of the clock drawing test for mitigating low education and racial bias.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Hand Motor Function Under Digital Cognitive Test: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- Design and Feasibility Analysis of a Smartphone-Based Digital Cognitive Assessment Study in the Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Digital assessment of cognition in neurodegenerative disease: a data driven approach leveraging artificial intelligence.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Explainable deep learning approach for extracting cognitive features from hand-drawn images of intersecting pentagons.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Article
- Explainable semi-supervised deep learning shows that dementia is associated with small, avocado-shaped clocks with irregularly placed hands.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dissociating Statistically Determined Normal Cognitive Abilities and Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes with DCTclock.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Contributions of Cardiovascular Burden, Peripheral Inflammation, and Brain Integrity on Digital Clock Drawing Performance in Non-Demented Older Adults.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Neurocognitive Operations Underlying Working Memory Abilities: An Analysis of Latency and Time-Based Parameters.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Using digital assessment technology to detect neuropsychological problems in primary care settings.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Estimating dementia risk in an African American population using the DCTclock.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Variational autoencoder provides proof of concept that compressing CDT to extremely low-dimensional space retains its ability of distinguishing dementia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Association Between the Digital Clock Drawing Test and Neuropsychological Test Performance: Large Community-Based Prospective Cohort (Framingham Heart Study).Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDigital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) technology enables the examination of detailed neurocognitive behavior as behavior unfolds in real time; a capability that cannot be obtained using a traditional pen and paper testing format.
objectiveParameters obtained from the dCDT were used to investigate neurocognitive constructs related to higher-order neurocognitive decision making and information processing speed. The current research sought to determine the effect of age as related to combined motor and non-motor components of drawing, and higher-order decision making latencies.
methodsA large group of stroke- and dementia- free Framingham Heart Study participants were administered the dCDT to command and copy with hands set for "10 after 11". Six age groups (age range 28-98) were constructed.
resultsDifferences between age groups were found for total time to completion, total pen stroke count, and higher-order decision making latencies in both command and copy test conditions.
conclusionLonger age-related decision making latencies may reflect a greater need for working memory and increased self-monitoring in older subjects. These latency measures have potential to serve as neurocognitive biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and other insidious neurodegenerative disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.