ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
Unexpectedly High Prevalence of Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Finland.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lessons Learned From the Clinical Presentation of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis on the Impact of Increasing IgG Trough Level on Infection Rates in Primary Immunodeficiency Patients on Intravenous IgG Therapy.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Global Distribution of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) in the Light of the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI): A Preliminary Perspective of a Rare Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2020Pooled it
- Beyond B cells: T and Innate Immune Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A perspective from New Zealand.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Utility of serum cytokine testing to differentiate complicated common variable immunodeficiency in resource limited settings.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Low HIES Score in a Family with STAT3 N-Terminal Domain Mutation.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Common variable immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases: A 10-year single-center experience.Archives of rheumatology · 2024Article
- A Novel Heterozygous NFKB2 Variant in a Multiplex Family with Common Variable Immune Deficiency and Autoantibodies Against Type I IFNs.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Immunogenetic Landscape in Pediatric Common Variable Immunodeficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A Nationwide Study of the Delayed Diagnosis and the Clinical Manifestations of Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies andMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Dysregulated Lymphocyte Antigen Receptor Signaling in Common Variable Immunodeficiency with Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Common variable immunodeficiency-an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Are we forgetting to carry out serum protein electrophoresis as part of diagnosis workup?BMC gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Heterozygous premature termination in zinc-finger domain of Krüppel-like factor 2 gene associates with dysregulated immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Comparison of Diagnostic Criteria for Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) in the New Zealand CVID Cohort Study.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2021Article
- Perspective: Application of the American College of Medical Genetics Variant Interpretation Criteria to Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2021Review
- Pulmonary granulomatosis of genetic origin.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
- Bronchiectasis is associated with delayed diagnosis and adverse outcomes in the New Zealand Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders cohort study.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Observational
- Impaired Memory B-Cell Response to Influenza Immunization in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID).Pathogens & immunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Prevalence varies greatly between countries and studies. Most diagnostic criteria include hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired vaccine response.
aimTo evaluate the minimum prevalence as well as the clinical and immunological phenotypes of CVID in Southern Finland.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional study to assess all adult CVID patients followed up in three hospital districts in Southern and South-Eastern Finland between April 2007 and August 2015. CVID diagnosis was based, with a minor modification, on the ESID/PAGID criteria for primary CVID. Antipolysaccharide responses to Pneumovax
resultsIn total, 9 patients were excluded due to potential secondary causes before diagnosis. ESID/PAGID criteria were met by 132 patients (males 52%), of whom, 106 had "probable" and 26 "possible CVID." Based on the population statistics in the three hospital districts, the minimum adult prevalence per 100,000 inhabitants in Finland for all CVID ("probable CVID," respectively) patients was 6.9 (5.5). In the highest prevalence district (Helsinki and Uusimaa), the prevalence was 7.7 (6.1). CVID patients suffer from frequent complications. Ten patients died during follow-up. Of probable CVID patients, 73% had more than one clinical phenotype. Intriguingly, gradual B cell loss from peripheral blood during follow-up was seen in as many as 16% of "probable CVID" patients. Patients with possible CVID displayed somewhat milder clinical and laboratory phenotypes than probable CVID patients. We also confirm that large granular lymphocyte lymphoproliferation is a CVID-associated complication.
conclusionThe prevalence of CVID in Finland appears the highest recorded, likely reflecting the genetic isolation and potential founder effects in the Finnish population. Studies to discover potential gene variants responsible for the high prevalence in Finland thus seem warranted. Increased awareness of CVID among physicians would likely lead to earlier diagnosis and improved quality of care.
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