Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29033373›Full record

ArticleEBioMedicine2017

Evaluating the Causal Link Between Malaria Infection and Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma in Northern Uganda: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Ismail D Legason, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Krizia-Ivana Udquim, Andrew W Bergen, Mateus H Gouveia, Samuel Kirimunda, Isaac Otim, Eric Karlins, Patrick Kerchan, Hadijah Nabalende and 14 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in EBioMedicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Malaria Infection and Risk for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Mendelian Randomization and Infection: Pitfalls and Promises.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Plasma metabolites in childhood Burkitt lymphoma cases and cancer-free controls in Uganda.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Assessment of MixedCancers · 2021
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase: in sickness and in health.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2020
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.

Ismail D LegasonEMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda.
Ruth M PfeifferDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. Electronic address: pfeiffer@mail.nih.gov.
Krizia-Ivana UdquimLaboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: krizia-ivana.udquim@nih.gov.
Andrew W BergenDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
Mateus H GouveiaInstituto de Pesquisa Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Samuel KirimundaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Isaac OtimEMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda.
Eric KarlinsDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. Electronic address: karlinser@mail.nih.gov.
Patrick KerchanEMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda.
Hadijah NabalendeEMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda.
Ariunaa BayanjargalLaboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Benjamin EmmanuelEMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda; Benjamin Emmanuel, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: ben.emmanuel@umaryland.edu.
Paul KagwaEMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, P.O. Box 12874, Kampala, Uganda.
Ambrose O TalisunaWorld Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
Kishor BhatiaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. Electronic address: kishor.bhatia@cgix.com.
Meredith YeagerDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. Electronic address: yeagerm@mail.nih.gov.
Robert J BiggarDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
Leona W AyersDepartment of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Electronic address: Leona.Ayers@osumc.edu.
Steven J ReynoldsDivision of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: sreynol6@jhmi.edu.
James J GoedertDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA.
Martin D OgwangEMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, P.O. Box 180, Gulu, Uganda. Electronic address: ogwang.martin@lacorhospital.org.
Joseph F FraumeniDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. Electronic address: fraumenj@exchange.nih.gov.
Ludmila Prokunina-OlssonLaboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: prokuninal@mail.nih.gov.
Sam M MbulaiteyeDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Ctr Dr, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. Electronic address: mbulaits@mail.nih.gov.
National Institutes of Health · USAfrican Field Epidemiology Network · UGFundação Oswaldo Cruz · BRMakerere University · UGSt. Mary's Hospital Lacor · UGThe Ohio State University · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Africa · CG

Funding

Epidemiology and Natural History of Cancer-Associated VirusesZIACP010176 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI MBULAITEYE, SAM M · 2009 to 2025
$33.7M
International Center for Excellence in Research (ICER) in Uganda: Impact of ARVsZIAAI001040 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI REYNOLDS, STEVEN · 2009 to 2025
$23.5M
International Studies of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)ZIAAI000361 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI REDD, ANDREW · 2009 to 2025
$15.8M
World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection is suspected to cause endemic Burkitt Lymphoma (eBL), but the evidence remains unsettled. An inverse relationship between sickle cell trait (SCT) and eBL, which supports that between malaria and eBL, has been reported before, but in small studies with low power. We investigated this hypothesis in children in a population-based study in northern Uganda using Mendelian Randomization.

methodsMalaria-related polymorphisms (SCT, IL10, IL1A, CD36, SEMA3C, and IFNAR1) were genotyped in 202 eBL cases and 624 controls enrolled during 2010-2015. We modeled associations between genotypes and eBL or malaria using logistic regression.

findingsSCT was associated with decreased risk of eBL (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·37, 95% CI 0·21-0·66; p=0·0003). Decreased risk of eBL was associated with IL10 rs1800896-CT (OR 0·73, 95% CI 0·50-1·07) and -CC genotypes (OR 0·53, 95% CI 0·29-0·95, p

interpretationOur results support a causal effect of malaria infection on eBL.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseMendelian Randomization AnalysisAdolescentBurkitt LymphomaChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGenetic Association StudiesGenotypeHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalaria, FalciparumMalePlasmodium falciparumUgandaBurkitt LymphomaMalariaMalaria resistance genesMendelian randomizationPlasmodium falciparumSickle cell trait

Identifiers

PMID29033373
PMCPMC5704046
OpenAlexW2764047115

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.