Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29032079›Full record

SynthesisThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2017

Omega-6 fatty acid biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 39 740 adults from 20 prospective cohort studies.

Jason H Y Wu, Matti Marklund, Fumiaki Imamura, Nathan Tintle, Andres V Ardisson Korat, Janette de Goede, Xia Zhou, Wei-Sin Yang, Marcia C de Oliveira Otto, Janine Kröger and 49 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
159citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
16.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

159 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.

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99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

59 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.

Jason H Y WuThe George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: jwu1@georgeinstitute.org.au.
Matti MarklundDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Fumiaki ImamuraMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nathan TintleDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA.
Andres V Ardisson KoratDepartment of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Janette de GoedeDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Xia ZhouSchool of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Wei-Sin YangInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Marcia C de Oliveira OttoDivision of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
Janine KrögerGerman Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany.
Waqas QureshiWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Jyrki K VirtanenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Julie K BassettCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Alexis C Frazier-WoodUS Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Maria LankinenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Rachel A MurphyUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Kalina RajaobelinaUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
Liana C Del GobboDepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nita G ForouhiMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Robert LubenDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Kay-Tee KhawDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA.
Nick WarehamMedical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Anya KalsbeekDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA; Department of Biology, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA.
Jenna VeenstraDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA; Department of Biology, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA.
Juhua LuoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Frank B HuDepartment of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Hung-Ju LinDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
David S SiscovickThe New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Heiner BoeingGerman Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany.
Tzu-An ChenUS Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Brian SteffenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Lyn M SteffenSchool of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Allison HodgeCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Gudny EriksdottirIcelandic Heart Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland.
Albert V SmithIcelandic Heart Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland.
Vilmunder GudnasonIcelandic Heart Institute, Kópavogur, Iceland.
Tamara B HarrisNational Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ingeborg A BrouwerHealth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Claudine BerrINSERM U1061, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, and Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
Catherine HelmerUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
Cecilia SamieriUniversity of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
Markku LaaksoInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Michael Y TsaiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Graham G GilesCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Tarja NurmiInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Lynne WagenknechtWake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Matthias B SchulzeGerman Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany.
Rozenn N LemaitreCardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kuo-Liong ChienInstitute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Sabita S Soedamah-MuthuDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Johanna M GeleijnseDivision of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Qi SunDepartment of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
William S HarrisDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; OmegaQuant Analytics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Johan ÄrnlövDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
Ulf RiserusDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Renata MichaFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Dariush MozaffarianFriedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)
University of Eastern Finland · FIUniversity of Minnesota · USCancer Council Victoria · AUGerman Institute of Human Nutrition · DEHarvard University · USIcelandic Heart Association · ISUniversity of Cambridge · GBUppsala University · SEWageningen University & Research · NLTufts University · USUniversité de Bordeaux · FRWake Forest University · USAgricultural Research Service · USBordeaux Population Health · FRDordt University · USIndiana University Bloomington · USMedical Research Council · GBNational Institute on Aging · USNational Taiwan University · TWNational Taiwan University Hospital · TW

Funding

TRAINING GRANT IN ACADEMIC NUTRITIONT32DK007703 · NIDDK · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI CHRISTOPHER P DUGGAN, Frank B Hu · 1994 to 2026
$7.8M
CLINICAL PROJECT: Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Study on the Multi-omics of Aging: A clinical epidemiologic prospective studyZIAAG007380 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI LAUNER, LENORE J · 2009 to 2025
$6.1M
Fatty Acids and Major Cardiovascular OutcomesR01HL085710 · NHLBI · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI MOZAFFARIAN, DARIUSH · 2006 to 2016
$5.1M
Analyzing the behavior and interpreting the results of gene based tests of rare variant associationR15HG006915 · NHGRI · DORDT COLLEGE · PI TINTLE, NATHAN L · 2012 to 2020
$1.3M
Cancer Research UK 14136Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AG007380Medical Research Council G0401527Medical Research Council G1000143Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/5Medical Research Council MR/N003284/1NHGRI NIH HHS R15 HG006915NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL085710
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe metabolic effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) remain contentious, and little evidence is available regarding their potential role in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the associations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes.

methodsWe did a pooled analysis of new, harmonised, individual-level analyses for the biomarkers linoleic acid and its metabolite arachidonic acid and incident type 2 diabetes. We analysed data from 20 prospective cohort studies from ten countries (Iceland, the Netherlands, the USA, Taiwan, the UK, Germany, Finland, Australia, Sweden, and France), with biomarkers sampled between 1970 and 2010. Participants included in the analyses were aged 18 years or older and had data available for linoleic acid and arachidonic acid biomarkers at baseline. We excluded participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline. The main outcome was the association between omega-6 PUFA biomarkers and incident type 2 diabetes. We assessed the relative risk of type 2 diabetes prospectively for each cohort and lipid compartment separately using a prespecified analytic plan for exposures, covariates, effect modifiers, and analysis, and the findings were then pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis.

findingsParticipants were 39 740 adults, aged (range of cohort means) 49-76 years with a BMI (range of cohort means) of 23·3-28·4 kg/m

interpretationFindings suggest that linoleic acid has long-term benefits for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and that arachidonic acid is not harmful.

fundingFunders are shown in the appendix.

Indexed as

AdultArachidonic AcidBiomarkersCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Fatty Acids, Omega-6HumansIncidenceLinoleic AcidProspective StudiesRisk FactorsStatistics as TopicArachidonic AcidBiomarkersFatty Acids, Omega-6Linoleic Acid

Identifiers

PMID29032079
PMCPMC6029721
OpenAlexW2761192596

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.