ArticleLancet (London, England)2017
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults.
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 10 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 3,796 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BASALTO (Bariatric Surgery and LDL Cholesterol) Trial
Evaluation of the Planet Nutrition Program on Obesity Parameters in Mexican Schoolchildren: Pilot Randomized ControlledTrial
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INFANT HEALTH- Supporting Infants' Mental Health and Healthy Weight Development Through Community Health Nurses' Promoting Sensitive Parenting
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"Efficacy of a School-based Obesity Prevention Program Delivery by Nutrition and Physical Activity Advanced Students or School Teachers on the BMI Z-score and Body Fat at 6 Months of Mexican Children: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial"
Anthropometric and Body Composition Outcomes of a Mobile Health Intervention to Improve Eating Behaviours and Lifestyle Habits During Infancy
Family-Based Meal Timing for Cancer Prevention Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders: FAMTIME
A Multifaceted Intervention to Reduce Obesity Among Preschool Children: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Suzhou City
Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Functional Gummies With Polydextrose Versus Placebo for Weight Control in Adults With Overweight or Obesity
Who cites it
3,796 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7,517 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Physical Activity and Metabolic Alterations in Children and Adolescents Across Different Weight Groups: A Systematic Review.European journal of sport science · 2026Pooled it
- Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond BMI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of mHealth Interventions for Pediatric Obesity Management.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Physical Literacy and Obesity Risk in Children: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists for adolescents and children with obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Suboptimal therapeutic responses associated with semaglutide in type 2 diabetes and obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Its Associated Factors among Preschool Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Trends in prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension in urban India since 2000: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiologic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Health of school-age children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Dose-dependent adverse events of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- "It Is a Vicious Circle": Experiences of People Living With Obesity and Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES).Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Can resistance training alone or resistance training combined with aerobic training improve arterial stiffness, endothelial function, and other vascular function indicators in adults with hypertension or overweight/obesity-related vascular risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Chitosan Supplementation and Lifestyle Changes on Health and Gut Microbiota in Icelandic Females With Obesity.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Trial
- Telehealth Vs. Face-to-Face Treatment for Children and Adolescents With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pediatric obesity · 2026Trial
- Socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among South Asian women, 2000-2022.Global health action · 2026Article
- Human fecal transplantation from stunted children promotes metabolic dysfunction in mice fed with a high-fat and high-fructose corn syrup diet.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Comorbidity burden and fracture pattern as predictors of early postoperative medical complications following bipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: a retrospective cohort study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
3,736 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUnderweight, overweight, and obesity in childhood and adolescence are associated with adverse health consequences throughout the life-course. Our aim was to estimate worldwide trends in mean body-mass index (BMI) and a comprehensive set of BMI categories that cover underweight to obesity in children and adolescents, and to compare trends with those of adults.
methodsWe pooled 2416 population-based studies with measurements of height and weight on 128·9 million participants aged 5 years and older, including 31·5 million aged 5-19 years. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2016 in 200 countries for mean BMI and for prevalence of BMI in the following categories for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years: more than 2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference for children and adolescents (referred to as moderate and severe underweight hereafter), 2 SD to more than 1 SD below the median (mild underweight), 1 SD below the median to 1 SD above the median (healthy weight), more than 1 SD to 2 SD above the median (overweight but not obese), and more than 2 SD above the median (obesity).
findingsRegional change in age-standardised mean BMI in girls from 1975 to 2016 ranged from virtually no change (-0·01 kg/m
interpretationThe rising trends in children's and adolescents' BMI have plateaued in many high-income countries, albeit at high levels, but have accelerated in parts of Asia, with trends no longer correlated with those of adults.
fundingWellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.