ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2017
The Female Genital Tract Microbiome Is Associated With Vaginal Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Longitudinal cervicovaginal bacteriome and virome alterations associate with discordant shedding and ART duration in women living with HIV in Peru.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Vaginal pharmacomicrobiomics modulates risk of persistent and recurrent bacterial vaginosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Female Genital Tract Host Factors and Tenofovir and Lamivudine Active Metabolites.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Translational Models to Predict Target Concentrations for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Review
- Baseline and time-updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti-HIV-1 vaginal microbicides.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- The Role of Stress and Genital Immunity in Sexual Trauma and HIV Susceptibility Among Adolescent Girls and Adult Women (The THRIVE Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Case-Control Study.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
- A Summary of the Fifth Annual Virology Education HIV Microbiome Workshop.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Article
- Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and the Vaginal Microbiome as Modifiers of Tenofovir Diphosphate and Lamivudine Triphosphate Concentrations in the Female Genital Tract of Ugandan Women: Implications for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Lamivudine in Preexposure Prophylaxis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy.Nature reviews. Urology · 2020Review
- Topical Microbicides in HIV Prevention: State of the Promise.Annual review of medicine · 2020Review
- Bacterial Vaginosis: Current Diagnostic Avenues and Future Opportunities.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on the Vaginal Microbiome in HIV-Infected Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Modifications in Vaginal Microbiota and Their Influence on Drug Release: Challenges and Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Dynamics of Vaginal and Rectal Microbiota Over Several Menstrual Cycles in Female Cynomolgus Macaques.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Pharmacology of Antiretrovirals in the Female Genital Tract for HIV Prevention.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The female genital tract (FGT) microbiome may affect vaginal pH and other factors that influence drug movement into the vagina. We examined the relationship between the microbiome and antiretroviral concentrations in the FGT. Methods: Over one menstrual cycle, 20 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women virologically suppressed on tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV) underwent serial paired cervicovaginal and plasma sampling for antiretroviral concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of cervicovaginal lavage clustered each participant visit into a unique microbiome community type (mCT). Results: Participants were predominantly African American (95%), with a median age of 38 years. Cervicovaginal lavage sequencing (n = 109) resulted in a low-diversity mCT dominated by Lactobacillus (n = 40), and intermediate-diversity (n = 28) and high-diversity (n = 41) mCTs with abundance of anaerobic taxa. In multivariable models, geometric mean FGT:plasma ratios varied significantly by mCT for all 3 drugs. For both ATV and TFV, FGT:plasma was significantly lower in participant visits with high- and low-diversity mCT groups (all P < .02). For emtricitabine, FGT:plasma was significantly lower in participant visits with low- vs intermediate-diversity mCT groups (P = .002). Conclusions: Certain FGT mCTs are associated with decreased FGT antiretroviral concentrations. These findings are relevant for optimizing antiretrovirals used for biomedical HIV prevention in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.