Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
2015-2016 Vaccine Effectiveness of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children in the United States.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01997450 (A Case Control Study of the Effectiveness of Q/LAIV Versus Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and No Vaccine in Subjects 2-17 Years of Age), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Case Control Study of the Effectiveness of Q/LAIV Versus Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and No Vaccine in Subjects 2-17 Years of Age
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Update: ACIP Recommendations for the Use of Quadrivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV4) - United States, 2018-19 Influenza Season.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2018Guideline
- Immunogenicity and Viral Shedding of Russian-Backbone, Seasonal, Trivalent, Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Among Preschool-Aged Children in Urban Bangladesh.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of live-attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines against influenza in 2-17-y-old children, United States, 2022-2025.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Age-dependent immune landscapes affect influenza vaccine effectiveness and guide precision strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Family matters: influenza vaccination uptake and associated factors in children aged 6 months-6 years.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Self-Assembling Nanoparticle Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccines Induce High Antibody Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses.Cell host & microbe · 2023Review
- Do we need nasal vaccines against COVID 19 to suppress the transmission of infections?Microbial biotechnology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection: A cross-sectional study in central Missouri during the 2021-2022 influenza season.Virology · 2022Article
- Live-attenuated influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization in children aged 2-6 years, the first three seasons of the childhood influenza vaccination program in England, 2013/14-2015/16.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Mutation L319Q in the PB1 Polymerase Subunit Improves Attenuation of a Candidate Live-Attenuated Influenza A Virus Vaccine.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Live Attenuated Cold-Adapted Influenza Vaccines.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Detrimental impact of allergic airway disease on live attenuated influenza vaccine.Health science reports · 2021Article
- Comparison of Parental Report of Influenza Vaccination to Documented Records in Children Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Illness, 2015-2016.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2021Article
- Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity to Influenza on Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) Immunogenicity.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Variations in Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness due to Study Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Test-Negative Design Studies.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: In the 2015-2016 season, quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and both trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) were available in the United States. Methods: This study, conducted according to a test-negative case-control design, enrolled children aged 2-17 years presenting to outpatient settings with fever and respiratory symptoms for <5 days at 8 sites across the United States between 30 November 2015 and 15 April 2016. A nasal swab was obtained for reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for influenza, and influenza vaccination was verified in the medical record or vaccine registry. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using a logistic regression model. Results: Of 1012 children retained for analysis, most children (59%) were unvaccinated, 10% received LAIV, and 31% received IIV. Influenza A (predominantly antigenically similar to the A/California/7/2009 strain) was detected in 14% and influenza B (predominantly a B/Victoria lineage) in 10%. For all influenza, VE was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%-69%) for LAIV and 65% (48%-76%) for IIV. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 50% (95% CI, -2% to 75%) for LAIV and 71% (51%-82%) for IIV. The odds ratio for vaccine failure with RT-PCR-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 was 1.71 (95% CI, 0.78-3.73) in LAIV versus IIV recipients. Conclusions: LAIV and IIV demonstrated effectiveness against any influenza among children aged 2-17 years in 2015-2016. When compared to all unvaccinated children, VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was significant for IIV but not LAIV. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01997450.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.