Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Trial Evaluating Ambulatory Therapy of Travelers' Diarrhea (TrEAT TD) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 3 Single-Dose Antibiotic Regimens With Loperamide.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01618591 (A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial Evaluating Three Single Dose Regimens With Loperamide for Treatment of Ambulatory Watery Travelers' Diarrhea, and Azithromycin With and Without Loperamide for Treatment of Ambulatory Dysentery/Febrile Diarrhea), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial Evaluating Three Single Dose Regimens With Loperamide for Treatment of Ambulatory Watery Travelers' Diarrhea, and Azithromycin With and Without Loperamide for Treatment of Ambulatory Dysentery/Febrile Diarrhea
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rifaximin reduces gut-derived inflammation in severe acute pancreatitis: an experimental animal model and randomized controlled trial.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Trial
- Development of a new travellers' diarrhoea clinical severity classification and its utility in confirming rifamycin-SV efficacy.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Trial
- Rifamycin SV-MMX® for treatment of travellers' diarrhea: equally effective as ciprofloxacin and not associated with the acquisition of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Journal of travel medicine · 2018Trial
- Trial
- EnteroaggregativeEcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Article
- Prospective evaluation of different faecal preservation media for travellers' diarrhoea diagnostic application with multiplex PCR BioFire FilmArray in resource-limited settings.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Controlled Human Infection Model for Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2024Review
- Extracellular components in enteroaggregativeFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Outbreak of Diarrhea Caused by a NovelOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in the Gut of Travelers Returning to the United Kingdom is Associated with Colonization by Pathogenic Escherichia coli.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Molecular Epidemiology ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Travel-related gastrointestinal diseases: Assessment and management.Public health challenges · 2022Review
- A disease severity scale for the evaluation of vaccine and other preventive or therapeutic interventions for travellers' diarrhoea.Journal of travel medicine · 2022Article
- Fecal Microbiota Functional Gene Effects Related to Single-Dose Antibiotic Treatment of Travelers' Diarrhea.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Genetic and Virulence Profiles of EnteroaggregativeFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Meeting report of the third annual Tri-Service Microbiome Consortium symposium.Environmental microbiome · 2020Article
- Transcriptional and Translational Inhibitors Block SOS Response and Shiga Toxin Expression in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Consensus Report on Shigella Controlled Human Infection Model: Conduct of Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecommended treatment for travelers' diarrhea includes the combination of an antibiotic, usually a fluoroquinolone or azithromycin, and loperamide for rapid resolution of symptoms. However, adverse events, postdose nausea with high-dose azithromycin, effectiveness of single-dose rifaximin, and emerging resistance to front-line agents are evidence gaps underlying current recommendations.
methodsA randomized, double-blind trial was conducted in 4 countries (Afghanistan, Djibouti, Kenya, and Honduras) between September 2012 and July 2015. US and UK service members with acute watery diarrhea were randomized and received single-dose azithromycin (500 mg; 106 persons), levofloxacin (500 mg; 111 persons), or rifaximin (1650 mg; 107 persons), in combination with loperamide (labeled dosing). The efficacy outcomes included clinical cure at 24 hours and time to last unformed stool.
resultsClinical cure at 24 hours occurred in 81.4%, 78.3%, and 74.8% of the levofloxacin, azithromycin, and rifaximin arms, respectively. Compared with levofloxacin, azithromycin was not inferior (P = .01). Noninferiority could not be shown with rifaximin (P = .07). At 48 and 72 hours, efficacy among regimens was equivalent (approximately 91% at 48 and 96% at 72 hours). The median time to last unformed stool did not differ between treatment arms (azithromycin, 3.8 hours; levofloxacin, 6.4 hours; rifaximin, 5.6 hours). Treatment failures were uncommon (3.8%, 4.4%, and 1.9% in azithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifaximin arms, respectively) (P = .55). There were no differences between treatment arms with postdose nausea, vomiting, or other adverse events.
conclusionsSingle-dose azithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifaximin with loperamide were comparable for treatment of acute watery diarrhea. CLINICAL
trial registrationNCT01618591.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.