ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Evolving Understanding of the Causes of Pneumonia in Adults, With Special Attention to the Role of Pneumococcus.
Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care tests for acute respiratory infection: a systematic review of reviews.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Pneumonia in Ghana: prevalence, mortality and antimicrobial resistance-a systematic review and meta-analysis.International health · 2026Pooled it
- Aetiological agents of adult community-acquired pneumonia in Japan: systematic review and meta-analysis of published data.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Pooled it
- Sputum Gram Stain for Bacterial Pathogen Diagnosis in Community-acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy and Yield.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Pooled it
- Accuracy of a score predicting the presence of an atypical pathogen in hospitalized patients with moderately severe community-acquired pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Enhanced Detection of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathogens With the BioFire® Pneumonia FilmArray® Panel.Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease · 2021Trial
- Accuracy of comprehensive PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for CT-scan-confirmed pneumonia in elderly patients: a prospective cohort study.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2019Trial
- Pneumococcal serotype distribution and diagnostic yield of serotype-specific urinary antigen detection in adults with CAP in Switzerland, 2016-2021: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Alternative quadruplex real-time PCR reactions for detection and discrimination ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Streamlining antibiotic use in community acquired pneumonia: A quality improvement initiative.Journal of hospital medicine · 2026Observational
- Circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin and its c-terminal peptides differentiate bacterial from viral community-acquired pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Omadacycline versus moxifloxacin for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (OPTIC-2): a phase 3b, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, controlled, noninferiority trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Role of Myeloid Cell Glucose Transporter 1 in the Host Response During Pneumonia Caused byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Risk factors for pneumonitis after the combination treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors and thoracic radiotherapy.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- A systematic algorithm using 16S ribosomal RNA for accurate diagnosis of pneumonia pathogens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Performance of BIOFIRE FILMARRAY pneumonia panel in suspected pneumonia: insights from a real-world study.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing based on protective bronchoalveolar lavage in nonresponding pneumonia.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Optimizing Neutrophil Recruitment to Tackle Bacterial Infections.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Alterations in the prevalence and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Review
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Before 1945, Streptococcus pneumoniae caused more than 90% of cases of pneumonia in adults. After 1950, the proportion of pneumonia caused by pneumococcus began to decline. Pneumococcus has continued to decline; at present, this organism is identified in fewer than fewer10%-15% of cases. This proportion is higher in Europe, a finding likely related to differences in vaccination practices and smoking. Gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Legionella are each identified in 2%-5% of patients with pneumonia who require hospitalization. Viruses are found in 25% of patients, up to one-third of these have bacterial coinfection. Recent studies fail to identify a causative organism in more than 50% of cases, which remains the most important challenge to understanding lower respiratory infection. Our findings have important implications for antibiotic stewardship and should be considered as new policies for empiric pneumonia management are developed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.