ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Novel Therapeutics for Multiple Sclerosis Designed by Parasitic Worms.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infectious Agents in Multiple Sclerosis: Viral Triggers, Antibody-Mediated Autoimmunity, and Parasitic Immunomodulation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The neurotropic schistosomeParasitology · 2024Article
- Current and Future Developments in Imaging and Treatment of White Matter Disease: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Microbiome-Induced Autoimmunity and Novel Therapeutic Intervention.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Wound healing approach based on excretory-secretory product and lysate of liver flukes.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiome.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- The Nerves to Conduct a Multiple Sclerosis Crime Investigation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Revisiting the Hygiene Hypothesis in the Context of Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Isolation and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Parasites: The Promise of a New Era in Immunotherapy, Vaccination, and Diagnosis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2020Review
- The Interaction between Viral and Environmental Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Advances in Multiple Sclerosis 2017.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- The endosymbiotic role of intestinal helminths in multiple sclerosis: Promising probiotic hypothesis.Tropical parasitologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The evolutionary response to endemic infections with parasitic worms (helminth) was the development of a distinct regulatory immune profile arising from the need to encapsulate the helminths while simultaneously repairing tissue damage. According to the old friend's hypothesis, the diminished exposure to these parasites in the developed world has resulted in a dysregulated immune response that contributes to the increased incidence of immune mediated diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Indeed, the global distribution of MS shows an inverse correlation to the prevalence of helminth infection. On this basis, the possibility of treating MS with helminth infection has been explored in animal models and phase 1 and 2 human clinical trials. However, the possibility also exists that the individual immune modulatory molecules secreted by helminth parasites may offer a more defined therapeutic strategy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.