Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29027634›Full record

ArticleDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2017

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Proper Insulin Injection Technique Training on Glycemic Control.

Inna V Misnikova, Valeria A Gubkina, Tatyana S Lakeeva, Alexander V Dreval

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pen Needle Reuse in People with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  3. Insulin Pen Needle Reuse in U.S. Adults with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study on Patterns, Motivations, and Educational Implications.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Addressing Insulin Injection Technique: A Follow-up Study of Canadian Patients with Diabetes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
    Article
  10. Optimising Insulin Injection Techniques to Improve Diabetes Outcomes.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Needle Technology for Insulin Administration: A Century of Innovation.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Insulin Injection Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021
    Article
  16. Injection Technique: Development of a Novel Questionnaire and User Guide.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2021
    Article
  17. Injection Technique Education in Patients with Diabetes Injecting Insulin into Areas of Lipohypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Insulin Injection Practices in a Population of Canadians with Diabetes: An Observational Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Inna V MisnikovaEndocrinology Department, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia. inna-misnikova@mail.ru.
Valeria A GubkinaEndocrinology Department, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
Tatyana S LakeevaEndocrinology Department, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia.
Alexander V DrevalEndocrinology Department, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionImproper injection technique can negatively affect glycemic control and treatment tolerability. We assessed the impact of structured insulin injection training on glycemic control.

methodsWe compared changes in glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and fasting plasma glucose following structured insulin injection training in a 6-month pilot study in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Patients were recruited from mobile clinics in Moscow, Russia, and randomized into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 received structured injection training, and group 3 did not. Group 1 received 4-mm needles sufficient for each injection; groups 2 and 3 provided their own needle supply. Changes in insulin total daily dose (TDD), injection technique, needle reuse, and lipohypertrophy (LH) were assessed.

resultsOf 120 patients enrolled, 116 were included in all analyses (group 1, n = 43; group 2, n = 35; group 3, n = 38). At 6 months, mean [95% CI] reductions in A1C were significant in groups 1 and 2 (- 1.00% [10.9 mmol/mol (- 1.3 to - 0.6)] and - 1.00% [10.9 mmol/mol (- 1.4 to - 0.7)], respectively; P < 0.001 for both), but not in group 3 (- 0.02% [0.2 mmol/mol (- 1.2 to 1.6)]). Increases in insulin TDD, however, were similar and significant across groups (approximately 6 IU; P < 0.05). Injection technique improved, and needle reuse and LH declined in groups 1 and 2, but not in group 3.

conclusionsLittle is known about the glycemic impact of insulin injection training. We found that structured training and the use of short pen needles can improve injection technique, leading to significant A1C reductions and decreased rates of LH.

Indexed as

Clinical trialGlycemic controlInsulin therapyLipohypertrophyTraining

Identifiers

PMID29027634
PMCPMC5688981

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.