ArticleScientific reports2017
Opiate use inhibits TLR9 signaling pathway in vivo: possible role in pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal opioid use disorder and hepatitis C infection in pregnancy reshape the peripheral immune landscape at term.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Opioid-induced immunosuppression of brain myeloid cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques.Research square · 2025Article
- Article
- Beyond the Syndemic of Opioid Use Disorders and HIV: The Impact of Opioids on Viral Reservoirs.Viruses · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory properties of morphine and the hypothesised role of long-term opioid use in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The synthetic opioid fentanyl increases HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression in vitro.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Less Well-Known Consequences of the Long-Term Use of Opioid Analgesics: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
- Article
- Opioids Regulate the Immune System: Focusing on Macrophages and Their Organelles.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Article
- Enhanced Signaling Through the TLR9 Pathway Is Associated With Resistance to HIV-1 Infection in Chinese HIV-1-Exposed Seronegative Individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The impact of substance abuse on HIV-mediated neuropathogenesis in the current ART era.Brain research · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of opiate use promoting HIV-1 infection is not fully understood. TLR9 is expressed in many immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, which can recognize viruses and viral products and consequently induce the production of antiviral factors and initiate immune responses. Previous studies have shown that chronic viral infections can overcome and impair TLR9 pathway. We aimed to explore whether opiate use enhances HIV infection through inhibition of TLR9 pathway via a population-based study. A total of 200 subjects were enrolled and divided into four groups as follows: Opiate+ HIV+ (50), Opiate- HIV+ (50), Opiate+ HIV- (50), and healthy control (Opiate- HIV-, 50). All HIV-infected subjects did not receive antiretroviral therapy while they were enrolled in the study. The results showed that opiate use was associated with higher viral load and lower CD4+ T cell count. Opiate use alone led to lower expression of TLR9, IRF7, and IFN-α at the protein level in PBMCs. Combined with HIV-1 infection, opiate use resulted in lower expression of MyD88, ISG56, and MxA. In addition, morphine treatment promoted HIV-1 replication in macrophages via inhibition of TLR9 pathway. Our data reveal that opiate use plays a cofactor role in pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection through inhibition of TLR9 pathway.
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