ArticleScientific reports2017
Achilles tendon compositional and structural properties are altered after unloading by botox.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regulators of ECM structure enable functional adaptation to tensile loading in tendon explants.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2026Article
- In Situ Characterization Reveals an Impaired Fibril Response to Loading Following Unloading during Early Achilles Tendon Healing.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Preventing peritendinous adhesions using lubricious supramolecular hydrogels.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Regulators of ECM Structure Enable Functional Adaptation to Tensile Loading in Tendon Explants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nanoscale structural alteration of lung collagen in response to strain and bleomycin injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The LINC Complex Regulates Tendon Elastic Modulus, Collagen Crimp, and Lateral Expansion During Early Postnatal Development.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Tendon regeneration deserves better: focused review onFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- [Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon : Diagnostics, treatment and aftercare].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Macrophage Mechano-Responsiveness Within Three-Dimensional Tissue Matrix upon Mechanotherapy-Associated Strains.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2024Article
- LeveragingFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Predicting the formation of different tissue types during Achilles tendon healing using mechanoregulated and oxygen-regulated frameworks.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2023Article
- Heterotopic mineral deposits in intact rat Achilles tendons are characterized by a unique fiber-like structure.Journal of structural biology: X · 2023Article
- Mechanoresponsive regulation of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in three-dimensional tissue analogues: mechanical strain amplitude dependency of fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Plasticity of the gastrocnemius elastic system in response to decreased work and power demand during growth.The Journal of experimental biology · 2021Article
- Tendinopathy and tendon material response to load: What we can learn from small animal studies.Acta biomaterialia · 2021Review
- A quality optimization approach to image Achilles tendon microstructure by phase-contrast enhanced synchrotron micro-tomography.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Complete mid-portion rupture of the rat achilles tendon leads to remote and time-mismatched changes in uninjured regions.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Article
- A numerical framework for mechano-regulated tendon healing-Simulation of early regeneration of the Achilles tendon.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Acute effects of long-distance running on mechanical and morphological properties of the human plantar fascia.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2020Article
- Effects of SCCOInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tendon function and homeostasis rely on external loading. This study investigates the biological mechanisms behind tendon biomechanical function and how the mechanical performance is affected by reduced daily loading. The Achilles tendons of 16 weeks old female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were unloaded for 5 weeks by inducing muscle paralysis with botulinum toxin injections in the right gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The contralateral side was used as control. After harvest, the tendons underwent biomechanical testing to assess viscoelasticity (n = 30 rats) and small angle X-ray scattering to determine the structural properties of the collagen fibrils (n = 10 rats). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histological staining (n = 10 rats) were performed to investigate the collagen and proteoglycan content. The results show that the stiffness increased in unloaded tendons, together with an increased collagen content. Creep and axial alignment of the collagen fibers were reduced. Stress-relaxation increased whereas hysteresis was reduced in response to unloading with botox treatment. Our findings indicate that altered matrix deposition relies on mechanical loading to reorganize the newly formed tissue, without which the viscoelastic behavior is impaired. The results demonstrate that reduced daily loading deprives tendons of their viscoelastic properties, which could increase the risk of injury.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.