ArticlePloS one2017
Large (≥3cm) thyroid nodules with benign cytology: Can Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) help predict false-negative cytology?
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Core needle biopsy as a first-line diagnostic tool for selected thyroid nodules: a real-world evaluation of diagnostic performance and safety.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Multicenter Evaluation of Thyroid Nodule Size: Implications for FNA Diagnostic Accuracy and Malignancy Risk.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2025Article
- Delayed Cancer Diagnosis in Thyroid Nodules Initially Treated as Benign With Radiofrequency Ablation: Ultrasound Characteristics and Predictors for Cancer.Korean journal of radiology · 2023Article
- Risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules with diameters greater than 4 centimeters.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Large thyroid nodules: should size alone matter?European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology vs. Core Needle Biopsy for Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective, Experimental Study Using Surgical Specimen.Taehan Yongsang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Article
- Ultrasound classification of thyroid nodules: does size matter?Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Malignancy in Patients with Maximal Thyroid Nodules ≥2 Cm.Cancer management and research · 2021Article
- Taller-Than-Wide Shape: A New Definition Improves the Specificity of TIRADS Systems.European thyroid journal · 2020Article
- Occult metastatic thyroid cancer diagnosed during breast cancer axillary sentinel node biopsy.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2020Article
- Risk of Thyroid Cancer in 1,504 Patients Referred for Thyroid Surgery with Assumed Benign Histology.European thyroid journal · 2019Article
- Nodular Thyroid Disease in the Era of Precision Medicine.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is controversy about the accuracy of the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology results in large sized thyroid nodules. Our aim was to evaluate the false-negative rate of FNA for large thyroid nodules and the usefulness of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) in predicting false-negative cytology for large thyroid nodules with benign cytology.
methods632 thyroid nodules larger than or equal to 3cm in size with subsequent benign cytology on US-guided FNA were included. US features of internal composition, echogenicity, margin, calcifications, and shape were evaluated, and nodules were classified according to TIRADS. TIRADS category 3 included nodules without any of the following suspicious features:solidity, hypoechogenicity or marked hypoechogenicity, microlobulated or irregular margins, microcalcifications, and taller-than-wide shape. Category 4a, 4b, 4c, and 5 were assigned to nodules showing one, two, three or four, or five suspicious US features, respectively. US features associated with malignancy for these lesions were analyzed and malignancy risk according to TIRADS was calculated.
resultsOf the 632 lesions, 23 lesions(3.6%) were malignant and 609(96.4%) were benign, suggesting a 3.6% false-negative rate for FNA cytology. Of the 23 malignant lesions, final pathology was mainly follicular carcinoma minimally invasive(65.2%, 15/23) and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma(26.1%, 6/23). The malignancy risks of categories 3, 4a, 4b, and 4c nodules were 0.9%, 4.6%, 10.0%, and 11.8%, respectively.
conclusionLarge thyroid nodules with benign cytology had a relatively high false-negative risk of 3.6% and TIRADS was helpful in predicting false-negative cytology for these lesions.
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