ArticleJournal of occupational and environmental medicine2018
Associations Between Disinfection By-Product Exposures and Craniofacial Birth Defects.
Article in Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risks of Birth Defects Following In Utero Exposures to Unregulated Brominated Haloacetic Acids.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Application of Toxicologically Informed Relative Potency Factors to Examine Associations between Water Disinfection Byproducts and Birth Defects.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Developmental Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in F344 Rats: Effects on Pregnancy Maintenance and Eye Development.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Is maternal employment site a source of exposure misclassification in studies of environmental exposures and birth outcomes? A simulation-based bias analysis of haloacetic acids in tap water and hypospadias.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- A review on the 40th anniversary of the first regulation of drinking water disinfection by-products.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2020Review
- Disinfection By-Product Exposures and the Risk of Musculoskeletal Birth Defects.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Non-syndromic Cleft Palate: An Overview on Human Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Drinking water disinfection byproducts and risk of orofacial clefts in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Birth defects research · 2018Article
- Female non-smokers' environmental tobacco smoking exposure by public transportation mode.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to examine associations between craniofacial birth defects (CFDs) and disinfection by-product (DBP) exposures, including the sum of four trihalomethanes (THM4) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5) (ie, DBP9).
methodsWe calculated first trimester adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for different DBPs in a matched case-control study of 366 CFD cases in Massachusetts towns with complete 1999 to 2004 THM and HAA data.
resultsWe detected elevated aORs for cleft palate with DBP9 (highest quintile aOR = 3.52; 95% CI: 1.07, 11.60), HAA5, trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and dichloroacetic acid. We detected elevated aORs for eye defects with TCAA and chloroform.
conclusionThis is the first epidemiological study of DBPs to examine eye and ear defects, as well as HAAs and CFDs. The associations for cleft palate and eye defects highlight the importance of examining specific defects and DBPs beyond THM4.
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