ArticleScientific reports2017
Higher Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in Blood Cells of Keratoconus Patiens.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toll-like receptors in corneal ectasia: linking innate immunity to keratoconus.Molecular biology reports · 2026Pooled it
- The candidate proteins associated with keratoconus: A meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Corneal Extracellular Vesicles: Small Packages with a Big Impact.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Investigating prolactin-induced protein and its role in modulating the metabolic state of the keratoconus microenvironment.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Interplay between Pro-inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stressinvolved Recurrent Chronic Heart Failure in Elderly Patients with Coronary Stents.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Identification of hub genes and molecular pathways in keratoconus by integrating bioinformatics and literature mining at the RNA level.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Expression of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-4) in Blood Serum of Patients with Keratoconus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Systemic and Ocular Associations of Keratoconus.Expert review of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Serum inflammatory biomarkers are associated with increased choroidal thickness in keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Biomedical Applications of Lactoferrin on the Ocular Surface.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Sequence variants contributing to dysregulated inflammatory responses across keratoconic cone surface in adolescent patients with keratoconus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Systemic Biomarkers of Collagen Degradation and Copper Metabolism in Patients With Keratoconus.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Observational
- Immunomodulatory Effect of Human Lactoferrin on Toll-like Receptors 2 Expression as Therapeutic Approach for Keratoconus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Nationwide epidemiological approach to identify associations between keratoconus and immune-mediated diseases.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Lactoferrin and its nano-formulations in rare eye diseases.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Shotgun Proteomics for the Identification and Profiling of the Tear Proteome of Keratoconus Patients.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Patients With Keratoconus Highlights the Regulation of Immune Responses and Inflammatory Processes.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation may play a significant role in Keratoconus (KC), but the implication of immunity on this inflammatory response is unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine the expression levels of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and 4 (TLR4) in monocytes and neutrophils from patients with KC and control subjects for demonstrating the role of innate immunity in KC. We also study the correlation between TLR2/TLR4 expression and serum levels of proinflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9 and NF-κB). Forty patients with bilateral KC (55% males; mean age; 33.1 ± 10.9 years) and 20 control subjects (55% males; mean age; 30.4 ± 7.6 years) were included in the study. Our results showed that mean expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in both neutrophils and monocytes was significantly higher in patients with KC compared to control subjects (all p < 0.0001). Furthermore, KC patients also showed higher serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9 (all p < 0.0001) and NF-κB (p = 0.036). In addition, we found a strong correlation between TLR2 expression in both monocytes and neutrophils (all p < 0.0001), and TLR4 in monocytes (all p < 0.05) with serum levels of IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9. In conclusion, these findings suggest that TLRs may play an important role in the pathophysiology of KC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.