ArticleEuropean heart journal2017
Women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have worse survival.
Article in European heart journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-disaggregated data in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a targeted literature review, meta-analysis and primary cohort study.Open heart · 2026Pooled it
- Mavacamten and atrial fibrillation: assessing the risk through FAERS and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Is There a Sex Difference in the Prognosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological, Clinical, and Imaging Features.Current cardiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing clinically recognized hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in six European countries using real-world data.ESC heart failure · 2026Observational
- Heterogeneity and Detection Rate of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotype in China: A Multicenter Echocardiography Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with cardiomyopathies in China: a nationwide retrospective analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the REVEAL-HCM Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Mavacamten in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: National Insights on Access and Safety Profile From Real-World Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Care and Outcomes of New-Onset Heart Failure Across Vulnerable Populations: Temporal Trends in Mortality and Treatment in a Danish Nationwide Cohort From 2003 to 2022.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular outcomes following bariatric surgery in obese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A multicenter propensity-matched analysis.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Impact of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Outcomes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Characteristics of sudden cardiac arrest during endurance racing: a decade of the Paris registry.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Differences in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Cohort Study from Vienna.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Prognostic factors for cardiovascular-related mortality in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective cohort study with survival analysis and X-tile stratification.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Comprehensive risk stratification model for sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: integration of cardiac magnetic resonance and clinical parameters.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Coexistence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Arterial Hypertension: Current Insights and Future Directions.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Long-Term Real-World Outcomes of Mavacamten in Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy up to 108 Weeks.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsSex differences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remain unclear. We sought to characterize sex differences in a large HCM referral centre population. METHODS AND
resultsThree thousand six hundred and seventy-three adult patients with HCM underwent evaluation between January 1975 and September 2012 with 1661 (45.2%) female. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were assessed via log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses evaluated the relation of sex with survival. At index visit, women were older (59 ± 16 vs. 52 ± 15 years, P < 0.0001) had more symptoms [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III-IV 45.0% vs. 35.3%, P < 0.0001], more obstructive physiology (77.4% vs. 71.8%, P = 0.0001), more mitral regurgitation (moderate or greater in 56.1% vs. 43.9%, P < 0.0001), higher E/e' ratio (n = 1649, 20.6 vs. 15.6, P < 0.0001), higher estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (n = 1783, 40.8 ± 15.4 vs. 34.8 ± 10.8 mmHg, P < 0.0001), worse cardiopulmonary exercise performance (n = 1267; percent VO2 predicted 62.8 ± 20% vs. 65.8 ± 19.2%, P = 0.007), and underwent more frequent alcohol septal ablation (4.9% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.004) but similar frequency of myectomy (28% vs. 30%, P = 0.24). Median follow-up was 10.9 (IQR 7.4-16.2) years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated lower survival in women compared with men (P < 0.0001). In multivariable modelling, female sex remained independently associated with mortality (HR 1.13 [1.03-1.22], P = 0.01) when adjusted for age, NYHA Class III-IV symptoms, and cardiovascular comorbidities.
conclusionWomen with HCM present at more advanced age, with more symptoms, worse cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance, and different haemodynamics than men. Sex is an important determinant in HCM management as women with HCM have worse survival. Women may require more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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