ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
The Household Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Study: Lack of Antibody Response and Protection Following Receipt of 2014-2015 Influenza Vaccine.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does repeated influenza vaccination attenuate effectiveness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The Future of Flu: A Review of the Human Challenge Model and Systems Biology for Advancement of Influenza Vaccinology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluation of pre-Omicron population immunity for SARS-CoV-2 in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Interferon as an immunoadjuvant to enhance antibodies following influenza B infection and vaccination in ferrets.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Differential interferon responses to influenza A and B viruses in primary ferret respiratory epithelial cells.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Antiviral Peptides as Anti-Influenza Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Opposing Effects of Prior Infection versus Prior Vaccination on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses.Viruses · 2022Article
- Household transmission of influenza A and B within a prospective cohort during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 seasons.Statistics in medicine · 2021Article
- A Live Probiotic Vaccine Prototype Based on Conserved Influenza a Virus Antigens Protect Mice against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Robust and prototypical immune responses toward influenza vaccines in the high-risk group of Indigenous Australians.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in the HIVE Household Cohort Over 8 Years: Is There Evidence of Indirect Protection?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The Effects of Imprinting and Repeated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination on Adaptive Immunity after Influenza Vaccination.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Tetramerizing tGCN4 domain facilitates production of Influenza A H1N1 M2e higher order soluble oligomers that show enhanced immunogenicityThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Influenza Neuraminidase: A Neglected Protein and Its Potential for a Better Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Effect of Previous-Season Influenza Vaccination on Serologic Response in Children During 3 Seasons, 2013-2014 Through 2015-2016.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2020Article
- Influenza B Viruses Exhibit Lower Within-Host Diversity than Influenza A Viruses in Human Hosts.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- M2e-based universal influenza vaccines: a historical overview and new approaches to development.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- Data resource profile: Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntigenically drifted A(H3N2) viruses circulated extensively during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was low and not significant among outpatients but in a hospitalized population was 43%. At least one study paradoxically observed increased A(H3N2) infection among those vaccinated 3 consecutive years.
methodsWe followed a cohort of 1341 individuals from 340 households. VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza was estimated. Hemagglutination-inhibition and neuraminidase-inhibition antibody titers were determined in subjects ≥13 years.
resultsInfluenza A(H3N2) was identified in 166 (12%) individuals and B(Yamagata) in 34 (2%). VE against A(H3N2) was -3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -55%, 32%) and similarly ineffective between age groups; increased risk of infection was not observed among those vaccinated in 2 or 3 previous years. VE against influenza B(Yamagata) was 57% (95% CI: -3%, 82%) but only significantly protective in children <9 years (87% [95% CI: 43%, 97%]). Less than 20% of older children and adults had ≥4-fold antibody titer rise against influenza A(H3N2) and B antigens following vaccination; responses were surprisingly similar for antigens included in the vaccine and those similar to circulating viruses. Antibody against A/Hong Kong/4801/14, similar to circulating 2014-2015 A(H3N2) viruses and included in the 2016-2017 vaccine, did not significantly predict protection.
conclusionsAbsence of VE against A(H3N2) was consistent with circulation of antigenically drifted viruses; however, generally limited antibody response following vaccination is concerning even in the context of antigenic mismatch. Although 2014-2015 vaccines were not effective in preventing A(H3N2) infection, no increased susceptibility was detected among the repeatedly vaccinated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.