ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Trends in Pricing and Generic Competition Within the Oral Antibiotic Drug Market in the United States.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- US Antibiotic Importation and Supply Chain Vulnerabilities.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Comparison of generic drug prices in Korea and eight high-income countries across four therapeutic classes.PloS one · 2025Article
- Macro- and micro-influencers of antimicrobial costs…What do stewardship programs need to know?Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Addressing Challenges in Antibiotic Access: Barriers, Implications and Strategies for Solution.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2024Review
- Analysis of the management of ventriculitis cases at a UK neurosurgery centre.Infection prevention in practice · 2022Article
- Article
- Costs and Prescribing Patterns of Anthelmintics in the United States Military: A Retrospective Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Analysis of the Korean generic medicine market: Factors affecting the market share of generic medicines.Clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- The Effect of Market Competition on the Price of Topical Eye Drops.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Potential Antibiotics for the Treatment of Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.Paediatric drugs · 2021Review
- The effect of generic market entry on antibiotic prescriptions in the United States.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Market Exclusivity of the Originator Drugs in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Is greater generic competition also linked to lower drug prices in South Korea?Health economics review · 2020Article
- Article
- Spending on World Health Organization essential medicines in Medicare Part D, 2011-15: retrospective cost analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
- Association Between Market Competition and Prices of Generic Topical Dermatology Drugs.JAMA dermatology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, the price of many older generic drugs, including numerous antibiotics, has increased substantially. We sought to analyze recent price changes and extent of generic competition within a cohort of commonly prescribed off-patent oral antibiotics.
methodsWe extracted oral antibiotics recommended for common outpatient conditions in the Infectious Diseases Society of America Practice Guidelines. We determined all US Food and Drug Administration-approved manufacturers for each formulation and strength in 2013 and 2016 and the yearly national average drug acquisition cost (NADAC) price between 2013 and 2016. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare changes in drug prices and number of manufacturers from 2013 to 2016. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between drug prices and number of manufacturers.
resultsTwenty-two antibiotics (81 formulations and strengths) were analyzed. There was no change in the median NADAC price or the number of manufacturers between 2013 and 2016. However, 11 (14%) formulations increased in price by 90% or more, and 13 (16%) had 2 or fewer manufacturers during all 4 years. Antibiotic prices were negatively associated with the number of available manufacturers.
conclusionsWhile prices and the number of manufacturers for common oral antibiotics were overall stable between 2013 and 2016, reduced manufacturer competition was associated with increased prices. A subset of antibiotics exhibited substantial price increases, and most, but not all, had limited manufacturer competition. Policy solutions are needed to ensure availability of low-cost, essential generic antibiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.