ArticleFrontiers in public health2017
The Risk of Hypertension and Other Chronic Diseases: Comparing Smokeless Tobacco with Smoking.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The health impact of smokeless tobacco products: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2021Pooled it
- Machine learning approaches to identify influential factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension among rural adults in Bangladesh.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and predictors of chronic disease among rural and medically underserved populations using smokeless tobacco.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Early-onset alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use with age at onset of hypertension: a survival analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of smoking among national military service recruits in UAE.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Smokeless tobacco consumption and its association with risk factors of chronic kidney disease in rural and peri-urban Bangladesh.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- The Effects of Cultivating Tobacco and Supplying Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Micronutrients Extractability in Loamy Sand and Sandy Soils.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Advanced glycation end products and risk of hypertension in Iranian adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2018Article
- Correlation of urinary cotinine with cardiovascular risk factors in pan masala tobacco users.Indian heart journalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the past, studies have compared smokeless tobacco and non-tobacco users for the risk of various chronic diseases. The differences in the risk of chronic diseases between smokeless tobacco user and smokers have not been explored. The objective of this study is to estimate the risk of chronic diseases among smokeless tobacco users compared to smokers.
methodsThe data were used from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave-1, conducted in 2007-2008 in India. The study sample is the respondents who reported consuming any form of tobacco in last 1 month. The total sample size was 4,038 respondents. The odds ratio of chronic morbidities was estimated taking smokers as the reference category.
resultsThe odds ratios for (self-reported) diabetes, asthma, and hypertension were not significant for smokeless tobacco user compared to smoked tobacco users. The odds ratio of chronic lung diseases (CLDs) was significantly lower among smokeless tobacco users compared to smoked tobacco users. The odds ratio of hypertension (measured) combined with low education and belonging to lowest wealth quintiles were not significant for smokeless tobacco users compared to smoked tobacco users. Duration of the use of smokeless tobacco and quantity of use was found to have no significant relation with risk of chronic diseases as compared to smoking.
conclusionThis study did not find the significantly higher risk of chronic morbidities except for CLD for smokeless tobacco users compared to smoked tobacco users. The study suggests that the use of any form of tobacco may have a similar risk of chronic diseases.
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