ArticleVeterinary record open2017
Magnetic resonance imaging to detect local tissue reactions after vaccination in sheep in vivo.
Article in Veterinary record open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- MRI/PET multimodal imaging of the innate immune response in skeletal muscle and draining lymph node post vaccination in rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the AV7909 Anthrax Vaccine Toxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats Following Three Intramuscular Administrations.International journal of toxicology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 vaccine is here: practical considerations for clinical imaging applications.Clinical imaging · 2021Article
- Detection of Local Tissue Reactions after Anti-GnRF Injection in Male Pigs Assessed Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesVaccination is one of the most effective methods to keep up the health status in humans and in livestock. Therefore, farm animals are vaccinated several times during their lifetime. Although vaccines are being checked regarding their local reactogenicity, side effects occur frequently-especially in the case of the application of adjuvanted products. Many reports exist about local reactions in sheep. The present study aimed at testing MRI as a method to document injection site reactions three-dimensionally.
designTwo groups of Merino lambs (n=16 each) were vaccinated subcutaneously into the left neck side. Two different, licensed inactivated vaccines were used. Both groups of lambs were anaesthetised and scanned using MRI at days 1, 3, 8, 15, 22 and 29 after vaccination.
settingThe study was performed on a commercial-like farm.
participantsThirty-two Merino lambs entered the experiment, 16 male and 16 female ones (one animal died at day 22 after vaccination). At first examination day they were approximately three months old. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Volume differences were measured between vaccination and control neck side to evaluate the time pattern of local tissue reactions.
resultsLocal tissue reactions were visible on the skin surface and also appeared in deeper tissue layers on MRI. These deeper reactions would not have been found without MRI or, alternatively, without sacrificing the animals. Some of these extensive local reactions lasted for more than 29 days.
conclusionsThe in vivo MRI results proved suitable to record local tissue reactions in terms of three-dimensional extent over a longer period of time in large farm animals without the need to sacrifice test animals. A three-dimensional MRI examination of the injection site during regulatory licensing studies offers an objective evaluation that could be used in a benefit-risk assessment of veterinary vaccines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: District Government of Upper Bavaria:55.2-1-54-2532-2-13.
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