Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29018271›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2018

Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence.

Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan, Charles N Bernstein, Dimitrios Iliopoulos, Andrew Macpherson, Markus F Neurath, Raja A Raja Ali, Stephan R Vavricka, Claudio Fiocchi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 479 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
479citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

479 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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419 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ashwin N AnanthakrishnanMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Charles N BernsteinUniversity of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, 804-F-175 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada.
Dimitrios IliopoulosCenter for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South CHS 44-133, Los Angeles, California 90095-7278, USA.
Andrew MacphersonGastroenterology/UVCM, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 8, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Markus F NeurathI. Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Raja A Raja AliThe National University of Malaysia, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Stephan R VavrickaTriemli Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland.
Claudio FiocchiDepartment of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A number of environmental factors have been associated with the development of IBD. Alteration of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, is closely linked to initiation or progression of IBD, but whether dysbiosis is a primary or secondary event is unclear. Nevertheless, early-life events such as birth, breastfeeding and exposure to antibiotics, as well as later childhood events, are considered potential risk factors for IBD. Air pollution, a consequence of the progressive contamination of the environment by countless compounds, is another factor associated with IBD, as particulate matter or other components can alter the host's mucosal defences and trigger immune responses. Hypoxia associated with high altitude is also a factor under investigation as a potential new trigger of IBD flares. A key issue is how to translate environmental factors into mechanisms of IBD, and systems biology is increasingly recognized as a strategic tool to unravel the molecular alterations leading to IBD. Environmental factors add a substantial level of complexity to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis but also promote the fundamental notion that complex diseases such as IBD require complex therapies that go well beyond the current single-agent treatment approach. This Review describes the current conceptualization, evidence, progress and direction surrounding the association of environmental factors with IBD.

Indexed as

EnvironmentHumansInflammatory Bowel DiseasesRisk FactorsSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID29018271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.