ArticleNeuro-oncology2018
Trivalent CAR T cells overcome interpatient antigenic variability in glioblastoma.
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 298 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
298 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 409 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Metabolism of High-Grade Gliomas: Current Targeted Therapies and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of CD22 and CD19 dual-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies: A meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance.Pharmacological research · 2021Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- A bibliometric and visualized analysis of CAR-T or TCR-T in solid tumor (from 2015 to 2024).Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The microenvironment of glioblastoma: in pursuit of universal multimodal immunotherapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma: epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and therapeutic resistance.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Developing a multimodal therapy for glioblastoma using oncolytic virus delivering CD19 and EGFRvIII antigens and bi-specific CARs.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell therapies are coming after glioblastoma: An overview of early phase clinical trials and future perspectives.iScience · 2026Review
- Therapeutic application of IL-12 for cancer therapy.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells for Solid Tumors: Challenges, Innovations, and Future Frontiers in Immunotherapy.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- CAR-T cell therapy in glioblastoma: from αβ to γδ T-cell platforms.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Novel Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Allogenic Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Synergizes Therapeutic Outcomes in a Preclinical Human Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Emerging frontiers in glioma therapy: the evolving role of glioma vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adapter-based allogeneic CAR T cells to overcome antigen escape in solid tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genomic characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein co-expressing CD70 CAR-T cells during killing of glioma cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
238 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain cancer, and is currently incurable. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promise in GBM treatment. While we have shown that combinatorial targeting of 2 glioma antigens offsets antigen escape and enhances T-cell effector functions, the interpatient variability in surface antigen expression between patients hinders the clinical impact of targeting 2 antigen pairs. This study addresses targeting 3 antigens using a single CAR T-cell product for broader application. Methods: We analyzed the surface expression of 3 targetable glioma antigens (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2], interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 [IL13Rα2], and ephrin-A2 [EphA2]) in 15 primary GBM samples. Accordingly, we created a trivalent T-cell product armed with 3 CAR molecules specific for these validated targets encoded by a single universal (U) tricistronic transgene (UCAR T cells). Results: Our data showed that co-targeting HER2, IL13Rα2, and EphA2 could overcome interpatient variability by a tendency to capture nearly 100% of tumor cells in most tumors tested in this cohort. UCAR T cells made from GBM patients' blood uniformly expressed all 3 CAR molecules with distinct antigen specificity. UCAR T cells mediated robust immune synapses with tumor targets forming more polarized microtubule organizing centers and exhibited improved cytotoxicity and cytokine release over best monospecific and bispecific CAR T cells per patient tumor profile. Lastly, low doses of UCAR T cells controlled established autologous GBM patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and improved survival of treated animals. Conclusion: UCAR T cells can overcome antigenic heterogeneity in GBM and lead to improved treatment outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.