ArticleEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology2018
Sex differences in outcomes of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: combined registry data from eleven European countries.
Article in Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmet device reprogramming needs at the end of life among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Palliative medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Social Determinants of Health-Related Outcomes in an Intervention Following Initial Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Sex-specific trends in ventricular arrhythmias among European implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Behavioural digital biomarkers enable real-time monitoring of patient-reported outcomes: a substudy of the multicentre, prospective observational SafeHeart study.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2024Observational
- Sex-related similarities and differences in responses to heart failure therapies.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Sex differences among subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients: a propensity-matched, multicentre, international analysis from the i-SUSI project.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Observational
- Gender Effect on Clinical Profiles, Pharmacological Treatments and Prognosis in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Predicting long-term survival afterHeliyon · 2024Article
- QRS complex and T wave planarity for the efficacy prediction of automatic implantable defibrillators.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2024Article
- Addressing Barriers for Women with Advanced Heart Failure.Current cardiology reports · 2023Review
- Sudden Death in Men Versus Women with Heart Failure.Current heart failure reports · 2023Review
- Sex and Gender Differences in Ventricular Arrhythmias.US cardiology · 2023Review
- Effect of implantable cardioverter defibrillator on primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Ventricular arrhythmia events in heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator for primary prevention.Journal of arrhythmia · 2022Article
- QRS micro-fragmentation as a mortality predictor.European heart journal · 2022Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Patient Selection for and Outcomes after Pace and Ablate for Refractory Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from a Large Multicenter Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Do we need sex-specific guidelines?International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2022Article
- Predictors of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: impact of the predicted risk of sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality.European journal of heart failure · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in the Risk of First and Recurrent Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Among Patients Receiving an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Primary Prevention.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- A machine learning algorithm for electrocardiographic fQRS quantification validated on multi-center data.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2018
Authors and funding
29 authors at 16 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: Therapy with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is established for the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in high risk patients. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of primary prevention ICD therapy by analysing registry data from 14 centres in 11 European countries compiled between 2002 and 2014, with emphasis on outcomes in women who have been underrepresented in all trials. Methods and results: Retrospective data of 14 local registries of primary prevention ICD implantations between 2002 and 2014 were compiled in a central database. Predefined primary outcome measures were overall mortality and first appropriate and first inappropriate shocks. A multivariable model enforcing a common hazard ratio for sex category across the centres, but allowing for centre-specific baseline hazards and centre specific effects of other covariates, was adjusted for age, the presence of ischaemic cardiomyopathy or a CRT-D, and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤25%. Of the 5033 patients, 957 (19%) were women. During a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR 16-55 months) 129 women (13%) and 807 men (20%) died (HR 0.65; 95% CI: [0.53, 0.79], P-value < 0.0001). An appropriate ICD shock occurred in 66 women (8%) and 514 men (14%; HR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47-0.79; P = 0.0002). Conclusion: Our retrospective analysis of 14 local registries in 11 European countries demonstrates that fewer women than men undergo ICD implantation for primary prevention. After multivariate adjustment, women have a significantly lower mortality and receive fewer appropriate ICD shocks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.